The information age owes its existence to a little-known but crucial development, the theoretical study of logic and the foundations of mathematics. The Great Formal Machinery Works draws on original sources and rare archival materials to trace the history of the theories of deduction and computation that laid the logical foundations for the digital revolution.
Jan von Plato examines the contributions of figures such as Aristotle; the nineteenth-century German polymath Hermann Grassmann; George Boole, whose Boolean logic would prove essential to programming languages and computing; Ernst Schr der, best known for his work on algebraic logic; and Giuseppe Peano, cofounder of mathematical logic. Von Plato shows how the idea of a formal proof in mathematics emerged gradually in the second half of the nineteenth century, hand in hand with the notion of a formal process of computation. A turning point was reached by 1930, when Kurt G del conceived his celebrated incompleteness theorems. They were an enormous boost to the study of formal languages and computability, which were brought to perfection by the end of the 1930s with precise theories of formal languages and formal deduction and parallel theories of algorithmic computability. Von Plato describes how the first theoretical ideas of a computer soon emerged in the work of Alan Turing in 1936 and John von Neumann some years later.
Shedding new light on this crucial chapter in the history of science, The Great Formal Machinery Works is essential reading for students and researchers in logic, mathematics, and computer science.
The subject of this book is truly original. By encoding of algebraic equations into graphs--originally a purely pedagogical technique--the exploration of physics and physical chemistry reveals common pictures through all disciplines. The hidden structure of the scientific formalism that appears is a source of astonishment and provides efficient simplifications of the representation of physical laws.
Understanding Physics and Physical Chemistry Using Formal Graphs is organized according to the structures emerging from formal graphs, from simple to elaborate, providing after each series of case studies the theoretical elements necessary for understanding their common features. More than 80 case studies are tackled in domains ranging from translational mechanics to Newtonian gravitation to chemical reactions.
With the help of this new tool, the modeling of physical phenomena becomes a fascinating cross-disciplinary exploration. The graphs encourage a visual, unified comprehension of the relationships between physical concepts and variables, properties, and operators. Out-of-the-box and thought provoking, this book inspires lively discussions and fruitful thinking about the connections between mechanics, chemical reactivity, electrodynamics, thermodynamics, and more.
Автор: Martin Carrier Название: The Completeness of Scientific Theories ISBN: 0792324757 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792324751 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 27944.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Earlier in this century, many philosophers of science (for example, Rudolf Carnap) drew a fairly sharp distinction between theory and observation, between theoretical terms like `mass` and `electron`, and observation terms like `measures three meters in length` and `is _2 Degrees Celsius`.
Автор: Vesselin Petkov Название: Space, Time, and Spacetime ISBN: 3642264913 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642264917 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 19589.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Dedicated to the centennial anniversary of Minkowski`s discovery of spacetime, this volume contains papers, most presented at the Third International Conference on the Nature and Ontology of Spacetime, that address some of the deepest questions in physics.
Автор: P.A. Kroes Название: Time: Its Structure and Role in Physical Theories ISBN: 9027718946 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789027718945 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 27251.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book on the structure and role of time in physical theories addresses itself to scientists and philosophers intereste: 'i in the 'no man's lard' between science and philosophy, in particular between physics and philoso- phy. The p: lint of departure is physical time, Le. time as usErl 1: physicists in their theories; but the analysis is not oonfined to a purely physical level but caries the problem into the domain of philosophical in- quiry. Altoough the book presupp: lses some knowledge of physics, I have avoided, wherever p: lssible, the use of advanced mathematics and technical details. Of all the people woo have been of help in writing this book, I w: >uld first of all like to mention Paul Scheurer and Guy Debrock who were my primary mentors in science and philosophy. This sttrly is a revision of my dissertation Kroes 1982a] which I wrote under the stimulating guidance of Scheurer; many of the ideas ex- posed here have their origin in his w: >rk and were developErl in frequent discussions with him. Guy Debrock not only stimulated my interest in philosophy but also made valuable suggestions. Witoout any overstatement, I dare say that without their assistence, this book w: >uld never have been written. Furthernore, I w: >uld like to thank D. Dieks, J.J.C.
Автор: G?nther Ludwig; G?rald Thurler Название: A New Foundation of Physical Theories ISBN: 3642068073 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642068072 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 16977.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A New Foundation of Physical Theories.- Reality.- Building of a Mathematical Theory.- From Reality to Mathematics.- Species of Structures and Axiomatic Basis of a PT.- Relations Between Various PTs.- Real and Possible as Physical Concepts.- Examples of Simple Theories.- A Description of the Surface of the Earth, or of a Round Table.- A Simplified Example of Newton's Mechanics.- The Structure of the Human Species.
Автор: P.A. Kroes Название: Time: Its Structure and Role in Physical Theories ISBN: 9400965249 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400965249 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 20956.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book on the structure and role of time in physical theories addresses itself to scientists and philosophers intereste: 'i in the 'no man's lard' between science and philosophy, in particular between physics and philoso- phy. The p: lint of departure is physical time, Le. time as usErl 1: physicists in their theories; but the analysis is not oonfined to a purely physical level but caries the problem into the domain of philosophical in- quiry. Altoough the book presupp: lses some knowledge of physics, I have avoided, wherever p: lssible, the use of advanced mathematics and technical details. Of all the people woo have been of help in writing this book, I w: >uld first of all like to mention Paul Scheurer and Guy Debrock who were my primary mentors in science and philosophy. This sttrly is a revision of my dissertation Kroes 1982a] which I wrote under the stimulating guidance of Scheurer; many of the ideas ex- posed here have their origin in his w: >rk and were developErl in frequent discussions with him. Guy Debrock not only stimulated my interest in philosophy but also made valuable suggestions. Witoout any overstatement, I dare say that without their assistence, this book w: >uld never have been written. Furthernore, I w: >uld like to thank D. Dieks, J.J.C.
Автор: Alwyn van der Merwe; F. Selleri Название: Quantum Paradoxes and Physical Reality ISBN: 9401073309 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401073301 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 42625.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Although the debate about the true nature of the quantum behavior of atomic systems has never ceased, there are two periods during which it has been particularly intense: the years that saw the founding of quantum mechanics and, increasingly, these modern times.
Автор: A. Hartkamper Название: Structure and Approximation in Physical Theories ISBN: 1468441116 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781468441116 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6986.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The present volume contains 14 contributions presented at a colloquium on "Structure and Approximation in Physical Theories" held at Osnabruck in June 1980.
Автор: Martin Carrier Название: The Completeness of Scientific Theories ISBN: 9401043930 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401043939 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 20962.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Earlier in this century, many philosophers of science (for example, Rudolf Carnap) drew a fairly sharp distinction between theory and observation, between theoretical terms like `mass` and `electron`, and observation terms like `measures three meters in length` and `is _2 Degrees Celsius`.
Автор: Karl Svozil Название: Physical (A)Causality ISBN: 3319708147 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319708140 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6986.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This book addresses the physical phenomenon of events that seem to occur spontaneously and without any known cause.
