Описание: Individuals are things that everybody knows--or thinks they do. Yet even scholars who practice or analyze the biological sciences often cannot agree on what an individual is and why. One reason for this disagreement is that the many important biological individuality concepts serve very different purposes--defining, classifying, or explaining living structure, function, interaction, persistence, or evolution. Indeed, as the contributors to Biological Individuality reveal, nature is too messy for simple definitions of this concept, organisms too quirky in the diverse ways they reproduce, function, and interact, and human ideas about individuality too fraught with philosophical and historical meaning.
Bringing together biologists, historians, and philosophers, this book provides a multifaceted exploration of biological individuality that identifies leading and less familiar perceptions of individuality both past and present, what they are good for, and in what contexts. Biological practice and theory recognize individuals at myriad levels of organization, from genes to organisms to symbiotic systems. We depend on these notions of individuality to address theoretical questions about multilevel natural selection and Darwinian fitness; to illuminate empirical questions about development, function, and ecology; to ground philosophical questions about the nature of organisms and causation; and to probe historical and cultural circumstances that resonate with parallel questions about the nature of society. Charting an interdisciplinary research agenda that broadens the frameworks in which biological individuality is discussed, this book makes clear that in the realm of the individual, there is not and should not be a direct path from biological paradigms based on model organisms through to philosophical generalization and historical reification.
Автор: J.T. Blackmore Название: Ernst Mach — A Deeper Look ISBN: 9401052301 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401052306 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 19591.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Ernst Mach -- A Deeper Look has been written to reveal to English-speaking readers the recent revival of interest in Ernst Mach in Europe and Japan.
Название: God and the Multiverse ISBN: 1138302201 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138302204 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 7654.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This collection brings together broad perspectives exploring the relationship between theism and the idea that multiple universes exist beyond our own, thoroughly assessing the idea that a multiverse is to be expected if theism is true. This book provides a definitive contemporary treatment of the claim that if God exists, there are many universes.
Описание: Of Minds and Molecules is the first anthology of its kind devoted exclusively to work in the philosophy of chemistry. The essays, written by both chemists and philosophers, adopt distinctive philosophical perspectives on chemistry and collectively offer both a conceptualization of and a justification for the emerging field of philosophy of chemistry.
Автор: Taku Onishi Название: Quantum Computational Chemistry ISBN: 9811059322 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811059322 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 20962.00 р. Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Описание:
This book is for both theoretical and experimental chemists to begin quantum molecular orbital calculations for functional materials. First, the theoretical background including the molecular orbital calculation method and modelling are explained. This is followed by an explanation of how to do modelling and calculation and to interpret calculated molecular orbitals, with many research examples in the field of batteries, catalysts, organic molecules and biomolecules. Finally, future trends in computational chemistry are introduced.
Автор: Hans Primas Название: Chemistry, Quantum Mechanics and Reductionism ISBN: 3642693679 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642693670 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 9141.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Lloyd, Geoffrey (professor Of Ancient Philosophy And Science, University Of Cambridge) Название: Ancient worlds, modern reflections ISBN: 0199270163 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780199270163 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 17028.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Geoffrey Lloyd`s pioneering new book uses a study of ancient Greek and Chinese science and culture to throw light on fundamental problems, both intellectual and moral, that we still face today. The issues range from the debate about realism and relativism in philosophy of science to doubts concerning the universal applicability of the discourse of human rights. Lloyd provides compelling evidence that ancient civilizations have much to offer contemporary debates inmany fields of study.
Автор: Claus Beisbart; Nicole J. Saam Название: Computer Simulation Validation ISBN: 3319707655 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319707655 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 23757.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Computer simulation is a new method that has become a standard technique in many natural and social sciences. Validation comprises the efforts to show that computer simulations provide faithful representations of their target systems. Thus far, validation has much been neglected in the literature, and working scientists have expressed uncertainty about how they should build trust their simulation results. In practice, validation is often neglected completely or only done in a sloppy way. As a consequence, some purported results from computer simulations have later turned out to rest on numerical artefacts. In the absence of clear guidelines, the method of computer simulation, successful as it might seem, is not yet fully developed.
To validate the results of simulations is to make a case for them, to argue that they are realistic, or to enhance their plausibility. Put this way, validation seems fairly straightforward, but, as a matter of fact, it is not well-understood and even controversial from a theoretical point of view. Already the very term "validation" is a matter of debate, as the term is misleading because a simulation cannot be shown to be true or valid except in trivial cases. It is further discussed how validation is related to what people call verification, i.e. the attempt to show that a simulation reliably traces the predictions of a model. Another key question is how one can determine the overall confidence of simulation results if a number of tests have been carried out. Addressing this dissatisfying understanding of validation, this book presents a methodological and philosophical discussion about the validation of computer simulation and of its techniques. The work covers the basic notions and ideas underlying validation (e.g. the notions of validation, verification and error, are clarified), conceptualizes the concept of validation in frameworks from the philosophy of science (e.g. in Bayesian epistemology), and presents practical guidelines and important techniques for validation (e.g. introducing the quantification of uncertainties). The volume also reviews the challenges of validation (e.g. considering the sparseness of data) and offers examples of best practice. This is achieved through an interdisciplinary collection of authors that includes computer scientists (who discuss the most important approaches to validation), mathematicians and statisticians (who present mathematical techniques for validation), and working scientists from various fields (who present best practice examples of validation and reflect about related challenges).
Автор: " Название: Gerrit Glas; Jeroen de Ridder ISBN: 3319708805 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319708805 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 15372.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: It describes the different responses to the collapse of order: that given by Christian philosophy scholars who still argue for the idea of a pre-given world order, and that of other scholars who see this idea of stable creation order and/or natural law as redundant and in need of a thorough rethinking.
Автор: Alan C. Love Название: Conceptual Change in Biology ISBN: 9401794111 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401794114 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 16769.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This volume explores questions about conceptual change from both scientific and philosophical viewpoints by analyzing the recent history of evolutionary developmental biology.
Автор: Sven Ove Hansson Название: The Role of Technology in Science: Philosophical Perspectives ISBN: 9401797617 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401797610 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 13974.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The Role of Technology in Science: Philosophical Perspectives
Автор: Phillip Honenberger Название: Naturalism and Philosophical Anthropology ISBN: 1137500875 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781137500878 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 11878.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: What is a human being? Philosophical anthropology has approached this question with unusual sophistication, experimentalism, and subtlety. This volume explores the philosophical anthropologies of Scheler, Gehlen, Plessner, and Blumenberg in terms of their relevance to contemporary theories of nature, naturalism, organic life, and human affairs.
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