How a vast network of shadow credit financed European growth long before the advent of banking
Prevailing wisdom dictates that, without banks, countries would be mired in poverty. Yet somehow much of Europe managed to grow rich long before the diffusion of banks. Dark Matter Credit draws on centuries of cleverly collected loan data from France to reveal how credit abounded well before banks opened their doors. This incisive book shows how a vast system of shadow credit enabled nearly a third of French families to borrow in 1740, and by 1840 funded as much mortgage debt as the American banking system of the 1950s.
Dark Matter Credit traces how this extensive private network outcompeted banks and thrived prior to World War I--not just in France but in Britain, Germany, and the United States--until killed off by government intervention after 1918. Overturning common assumptions about banks and economic growth, the book paints a revealing picture of an until-now hidden market of thousands of peer-to-peer loans made possible by a network of brokers who matched lenders with borrowers and certified the borrowers' creditworthiness.
A major work of scholarship, Dark Matter Credit challenges widespread misperceptions about French economic history, such as the notion that banks proliferated slowly, and the idea that financial innovation was hobbled by French law. By documenting how intermediaries in the shadow credit market devised effective financial instruments, this compelling book provides new insights into how countries can develop and thrive today.
Описание: This report is the first comprehensive framework on how to facilitate SMEs and LIDCs access to and upgrading within global value chains. It identifies policy interventions at the global level needed to support domestic reforms.
Автор: Arvis, Jean-francois Smith, Graham Carruthers, Rob Название: Connecting landlocked developing countries to markets ISBN: 0821384163 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780821384169 Издательство: Turpin Рейтинг: Цена: 5720.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Examines the problems and policy dilemmas that landlocked countries face in trading with the rest of the World. By recognizing that the main access problems for landlocked countries occur in the territory of the transit country, this provides a new approach to understanding the set of incentives that drive the political economy and shape the institutions governing transit of goods along corridors.
Описание: The Primary Questions Addressed By This Study, First Published In 1988, Focus On How Private Bankers Made Decisions On The Creditworthiness Of Developing Countries During The 1970S And What The Implications Of These Decision Rules Are For The Developing Countries Today. Based On Interviews With Senior Bankers About Their Decision Rules, The Author Has Developed Artificial Intelligence-Based Simulations Of Their Images Of Creditworthiness. Discussed Are Contemporary Proposals For Solving The Debt Crisis.
Описание: Liam Clegg provides an innovative reading of where power lies in the institutions` concessional lending operations, drawing its focus on shareholders and stakeholders from staffs` own understandings of their operational environments.
Автор: Liam Clegg Название: Controlling the World Bank and IMF ISBN: 1349445754 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781349445752 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 13974.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Liam Clegg provides an innovative reading of where power lies in the institutions` concessional lending operations, drawing its focus on shareholders and stakeholders from staffs` own understandings of their operational environments.
Автор: Rahman, Aminur Название: Women And Microcredit In Rural Bangladesh ISBN: 0813339308 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780813339306 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 7042.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Jiazhuo G. Wang; Hongwei Xu; Jun Ma Название: Financing the Underfinanced ISBN: 3662465248 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783662465240 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 13974.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Financing the Underfinanced-Online Lending in China
Описание: Across the globe--from the remote villages and cities of Indonesia, Eastern Europe, South America, and Bangladesh--""If I Had a Water Buffalo"" poignantly details an unending journey of discovery for Dr. Marilyn Fitzgerald. Her global efforts, working as a conduit between donors and recipients, provide an unparalleled opportunity to observe, learn from successes and failures, and ultimately focus on finding a better way. A way for those less fortunate that is not paved with uncertainty and dependency but rather built upon a foundation of voice, dignity, choice, empowerment, and a means to achieve self-sufficiency. Divided into three parts, ""If I Had a Water Buffalo"" begins with both heartwarming and heart-wrenching stories of Dr. Fitzgerald's efforts to visit the international projects and then return home to face a never-ending cycle of soliciting the necessary funding or resources to support the projects and needs of individuals less fortunate. Individuals deprived of opportunities many take for granted but resolute in their determination to seek a better tomorrow for their families. One such individual's singular request for a water buffalo proved to be the catalyst that placed Dr. Fitzgerald on her path of discovery. Presented in the remaining two parts of ""If I Had a Water Buffalo"" are the integration of Dr. Fitzgerald's academic efforts into the discovery process and concludes with lessons learned; lessons shared. A return to academic life, somewhat unexpected and an interruption to the straight forward path projected, proved to be a fortunate detour, providing a sharper focus on the destination and a smoother, straighter path to continue forward. Offered in Part Three are lessons learned; lessons shared, which represent not the end of the discovery process for Dr. Fitzgerald but merely a brief pause along the way. Lessons shared in ""If I Had a Water Buffalo"" transcend their source and may be adopted by businesses, institutions, schools, parents and individuals seeking the best possible sustainable outcomes to life's situations.
Описание: This study investigates the complex link between natural disasters, individual behaviour - in the form of an individual`s risk-taking propensity and level of trust - and the demand for microinsurance.
Автор: Gary S. Fields; Guy Pfeffermann Название: Pathways Out of Poverty ISBN: 1402074123 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781402074127 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 22359.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Begins by citing the worldwide drop in the number of very poor people and goes on to identify the ways in which private firms and farms contribute to economic mobility and poverty reduction and what governments can do to enhance this contribution. In four Parts, this book addresses the economic mobility, and offers global examples.
Описание: Renewable energy plays an important role in contributing to the transition toward low-carbon development growth, in enhancing technology diversification and hedging against fuel price volatility, in strengthening economic growth, and in facilitating access to electricity. The global trends indicate a growing commitment to renewable energy development from developed and developing countries in both the introduction of specific policy levers and investment flows. Developing countries have now a long history of designing and implementing specific policy and regulatory instruments to promote renewable energy. Today, feed-in tariff policies are being implemented in about 25 developing countries and quantity based instruments, most notably auction mechanisms, are increasingly being adopted by upper middle income countries. This paper summarizes the results of a recent review of the emerging experience with the design and implementation of price and quota based instruments to promote renewable energy in a sample of six representative developing countries and transition economies. The paper discusses the importance of a tailor-made approach to policy design and identifies the basic elements that have proven instrumental to policy effectiveness, including adequate tariff levels, long term policy or contractual commitments, mandatory access to the grid and incremental cost pass-through. Ultimately, a low carbon development growth in the developing world depends on the availability of resources to finance the solutions that exhibit incremental costs. Policies introduced to support renewable energy development should be designed and introduced in combination with strategies that clearly identify sources of finance and establish a sustainable incremental cost recovery mechanism (for example, using concessional financial flows from developed countries to leverage private financing, strengthening the performance of utilities and distribution companies, or allowing the partial pass-through of incremental costs to consumer tariffs with a differentiated burden sharing that protects the poor). Without question, policy makers will have to ensure that the design of different policy mechanisms and the policy mix per se deliver renewable energy targets with the lowest possible incremental costs and volume of subsidies.
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