The Great Divergence brings new insight to one of the classic questions of history: Why did sustained industrial growth begin in Northwest Europe, despite surprising similarities between advanced areas of Europe and East Asia? As Ken Pomeranz shows, as recently as 1750, parallels between these two parts of the world were very high in life expectancy, consumption, product and factor markets, and the strategies of households. Perhaps most surprisingly, Pomeranz demonstrates that the Chinese and Japanese cores were no worse off ecologically than Western Europe. Core areas throughout the eighteenth-century Old World faced comparable local shortages of land-intensive products, shortages that were only partly resolved by trade.
Pomeranz argues that Europe's nineteenth-century divergence from the Old World owes much to the fortunate location of coal, which substituted for timber. This made Europe's failure to use its land intensively much less of a problem, while allowing growth in energy-intensive industries. Another crucial difference that he notes has to do with trade. Fortuitous global conjunctures made the Americas a greater source of needed primary products for Europe than any Asian periphery. This allowed Northwest Europe to grow dramatically in population, specialize further in manufactures, and remove labor from the land, using increased imports rather than maximizing yields. Together, coal and the New World allowed Europe to grow along resource-intensive, labor-saving paths. Meanwhile, Asia hit a cul-de-sac. Although the East Asian hinterlands boomed after 1750, both in population and in manufacturing, this growth prevented these peripheral regions from exporting vital resources to the cloth-producing Yangzi Delta. As a result, growth in the core of East Asia's economy essentially stopped, and what growth did exist was forced along labor-intensive, resource-saving paths--paths Europe could have been forced down, too, had it not been for favorable resource stocks from underground and overseas.
Автор: Mokyr Joel Название: A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy ISBN: 0691180962 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780691180960 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 3168.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Why Enlightenment culture sparked the Industrial Revolution
During the late eighteenth century, innovations in Europe triggered the Industrial Revolution and the sustained economic progress that spread across the globe. While much has been made of the details of the Industrial Revolution, what remains a mystery is why it took place at all. Why did this revolution begin in the West and not elsewhere, and why did it continue, leading to today's unprecedented prosperity? In this groundbreaking book, celebrated economic historian Joel Mokyr argues that a culture of growth specific to early modern Europe and the European Enlightenment laid the foundations for the scientific advances and pioneering inventions that would instigate explosive technological and economic development. Bringing together economics, the history of science and technology, and models of cultural evolution, Mokyr demonstrates that culture--the beliefs, values, and preferences in society that are capable of changing behavior--was a deciding factor in societal transformations.
Mokyr looks at the period 1500-1700 to show that a politically fragmented Europe fostered a competitive market for ideas and a willingness to investigate the secrets of nature. At the same time, a transnational community of brilliant thinkers known as the "Republic of Letters" freely circulated and distributed ideas and writings. This political fragmentation and the supportive intellectual environment explain how the Industrial Revolution happened in Europe but not China, despite similar levels of technology and intellectual activity. In Europe, heterodox and creative thinkers could find sanctuary in other countries and spread their thinking across borders. In contrast, China's version of the Enlightenment remained controlled by the ruling elite.
Combining ideas from economics and cultural evolution, A Culture of Growth provides startling reasons for why the foundations of our modern economy were laid in the mere two centuries between Columbus and Newton.
-- "Progressive Post"
Автор: Wallerstein Immanuel Название: Modern World-System ISBN: 0520267575 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780520267572 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 4910.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A panoramic reinterpretation of global history, this title traces the emergence and development of the modern world from the sixteenth to the twentieth century.
Автор: Wallerstein Immanuel Название: Modern World-System ISBN: 0520267591 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780520267596 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 4910.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A panoramic reinterpretation of global history, this title traces the emergence and development of the modern world from the sixteenth to the twentieth century.
F. A. Hayek, a prominent 20th-century political economist in the Austrian tradition,
won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1974 for his pioneering work on the theory of
money and economic fluctuations and on comparative institutional analysis. Hayek's
research highlights the importance and dispersed nature of knowledge, advancing
an interdisciplinary approach to understanding human behavior. Like any great and
productive scholar, he left behind a body of work that includes tensions, flaws, and
inconsistencies that must be confronted by scholars looking to engage, critique, and
advance his distinctive project in political economy.
Hayek's work is important but also open for contestation and improvement. Hayek's
Tensions: Reexamining the Political Economy and Philosophy of F. A. Hayek presents
a critical assessment of Hayek's research and ideas and identifies sources of tension
within his writing. The contributions to this edited volume include original chapters by
eminent scholars of complexity theory, of Austrian economics, and of Hayek himself.
The book's key takeaway is that the research program Hayek developed continues as
an open-ended project, both as a social-scientific approach and as a classical liberal
vision of a free society, rather than as a static dogma or set of theories from a bygone
era. Taken as a whole, this volume identifies important questions and areas for future
research by the next generation of political economists.
Автор: Peter J. Boettke Название: F. A. Hayek ISBN: 134968175X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781349681754 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 3912.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book explores the life and work of Austrian-British economist, political economist, and social philosopher, Friedrich Hayek. Hayek saw order emerging from individual action and responsibility under the appropriate institutional order that itself emerges from actors discovering new and better ways to coordinate their behavior.
How can the simple choice of a men's suit be a moral statement and a political act? When the suit is made of free-labor wool rather than slave-grown cotton. In Moral Commerce, Julie L. Holcomb traces the genealogy of the boycott of slave labor from its seventeenth-century Quaker origins through its late nineteenth-century decline. In their failures and in their successes, in their resilience and their persistence, antislavery consumers help us understand the possibilities and the limitations of moral commerce.
Quaker antislavery rhetoric began with protests against the slave trade before expanding to include boycotts of the use and products of slave labor. For more than one hundred years, British and American abolitionists highlighted consumers' complicity in sustaining slavery. The boycott of slave labor was the first consumer movement to transcend the boundaries of nation, gender, and race in an effort by reformers to change the conditions of production. The movement attracted a broad cross-section of abolitionists: conservative and radical, Quaker and non-Quaker, male and female, white and black.
The men and women who boycotted slave labor created diverse, biracial networks that worked to reorganize the transatlantic economy on an ethical basis. Even when they acted locally, supporters embraced a global vision, mobilizing the boycott as a powerful force that could transform the marketplace. For supporters of the boycott, the abolition of slavery was a step toward a broader goal of a just and humane economy. The boycott failed to overcome the power structures that kept slave labor in place; nonetheless, the movement's historic successes and failures have important implications for modern consumers.
--Richard Huzzey, University of Liverpool, author of Freedom Burning: Anti-Slavery and Empire in Victorian Britain "Reading Religion"
Автор: Tomoko Shiroyama Название: Modern Global Trade and the Asian Regional Economy ISBN: 9811344000 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811344008 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 13974.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This volume undertakes the important task of envisioning a regional history of Asia based on its unique internal characteristics, going beyond the usual West/non-West dichotomy. The “regional trade zone of modern Asia” was debated in the 1980s. Since then, Japanese historians of the socioeconomic history of Asia have explored how the traditional trade relations that had developed over the centuries in Asia responded to the so-called Western impacts in the mid-nineteenth century, including the opening of ports and tariff reduction under free trade regimes and the advance in transportation technology. Against this academic background, the four chapters in this volume examine how overseas Chinese, some of the key actors in regional and local trade, dealt with their Western counterparts, and how Asian commodities penetrated other parts of the world through the newly created web of global commerce. The book reviews discuss theoretical issues to explore various connections among and comparisons of the economies in the region. This volume provides readers with critical insights into the Asian region in the past and present by investigating the long-term trajectory of its linkages to the global economy.
Описание: The most significant debate in global economic history over the past twenty years has dealt with the Great Divergence, the economic gap between different parts of the world. Thus far, this debate has focused on China, India and north-western Europe, particularly Great Britain. This book shifts the focus to ask how Japan became the only non-western county that managed, at least partially, to modernize its economy and start to industrialize in the 19th century.
Using a range of empirical data, Peer Vries analyses the role of the state in Japan’s economic growth from the Meiji Restoration to World War II, and asks whether Japan’s economic success can be attributed to the rise of state power. Asserting that the state’s involvement was fundamental in Japan’s economic ‘catching up’, he demonstrates how this was built on legacies from the previous Tokugawa period. In this book, Vries deepens our understanding of the Great Divergence in global history by re-examining how Japan developed and modernized against the odds.
Автор: Drysdale, Peter Название: The Japanese Economy ISBN: 0415174309 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415174305 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 126324.00 р. Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Описание: This book expertly presents the first systematic research and comparative analysis attempted on the rise and early developments of the Economic Associations of Europe, the USA and Japan during the nineteenth century.
Автор: BOETTKE, STORR, LEMKE Название: Exploring the political economy and social philosophy of F.A. Hayek / ISBN: 1786605643 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781786605641 Издательство: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Рейтинг: Цена: 8237.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
This volume critically explore and extend Hayek's Nobel Prize-winning work on knowledge and social interconnectedness from the disciplines of law, economics, philosophy, anthropology, political science, and history. Hayek's insights about knowledge become even more important once it is recognized that nothing in the social world occurs in isolation. There is no such thing as a distinct economic, political, or social sphere--they are inextricably intertwined. Given the range of both Hayek's work and the contributing authors' perspectives, the range of topics covered in this volume is extraordinarily wide, running the gamut from immigration, to white supremacy, to ancient agricultural practices, to the nature of what it means to be free.
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