The Standard of Civilization in Contemporary International Society, Stivachtis, Yannis A.
Автор: Keeley, Lawrence H. (professor Of Anthropology, Professor Of Anthropology, University Of Illinois At Chicago) Название: War before civilization ISBN: 0195119126 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780195119121 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 2612.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The myth of the peace-loving noble savage is persistent and pernicious. Indeed, for the last fifty years, most popular and scholarly works have agreed that prehistoric warfare was rare, harmless, unimportant, and, like smallpox, a disease of civilized societies alone. Prehistoric warfare, according to this view, was little more than a ritualized game, where casualties were limited and the effects of aggression relatively mild. Lawrence Keeley's groundbreaking War Before Civilization offers a devastating rebuttal to such comfortable myths and debunks the notion that warfare was introduced to primitive societies through contact with civilization (an idea he denounces as the pacification of the past). Building on much fascinating archeological and historical research and offering an astute comparison of warfare in civilized and prehistoric societies, from modern European states to the Plains Indians of North America, War Before Civilization convincingly demonstrates that prehistoric warfare was in fact more deadly, more frequent, and more ruthless than modern war. To support this point, Keeley provides a wide-ranging look at warfare and brutality in the prehistoric world. He reveals, for instance, that prehistorical tactics favoring raids and ambushes, as opposed to formal battles, often yielded a high death-rate; that adult males falling into the hands of their enemies were almost universally killed; and that surprise raids seldom spared even women and children. Keeley cites evidence of ancient massacres in many areas of the world, including the discovery in South Dakota of a prehistoric mass grave containing the remains of over 500 scalped and mutilated men, women, and children (a slaughter that took place a century and a half before the arrival of Columbus). In addition, Keeley surveys the prevalence of looting, destruction, and trophy-taking in all kinds of warfare and again finds little moral distinction between ancient warriors and civilized armies. Finally, and perhaps most controversially, he examines the evidence of cannibalism among some preliterate peoples. Keeley is a seasoned writer and his book is packed with vivid, eye-opening details (for instance, that the homicide rate of prehistoric Illinois villagers may have exceeded that of the modern United States by some 70 times). But he also goes beyond grisly facts to address the larger moral and philosophical issues raised by his work. What are the causes of war? Are human beings inherently violent? How can we ensure peace in our own time? Challenging some of our most dearly held beliefs, Keeley's conclusions are bound to stir controversy.
Автор: Heggy, Tarek Название: Culture, Civilization, and Humanity ISBN: 0714655546 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780714655543 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 22202.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The Imperial Gridiron examines the competing versions of manhood at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School between 1879 and 1918. Students often arrived at Carlisle already engrained with Indigenous ideals of masculinity. On many occasions these ideals would come into conflict with the models of manhood created by the school’s original superintendent, Richard Henry Pratt. Pratt believed that Native Americans required the “embrace of civilization,” and he emphasized the qualities of self-control, Christian ethics, and retaliatory masculinity. He encouraged sportsmanship and fair play over victory.
Pratt’s successors, however, adopted a different approach, and victory was enshrined as the main objective of Carlisle sports. As major stars like Jim Thorpe and Lewis Tewanima came to the fore, this change in approach created a conflict over manhood within the school: should the competitive athletic model be promoted, or should Carlisle focus on the more self-controlled, Christian ideal as promoted by the school’s Young Men’s Christian Association? The answer came from the 1914 congressional investigation of Carlisle. After this grueling investigation, Carlisle’s model of manhood starkly reverted to the form of the Pratt years, and by the time the school closed in 1918, the school’s standards of masculinity had come full circle.
Автор: Lovell, W. George Lutz, Christopher H. Название: Strange lands and different peoples ISBN: 0806167157 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780806167152 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 3129.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Guatemala emerged from the clash between Spanish invaders and Maya cultures that began five centuries ago. The conquest of these 'rich and strange lands,' as Hern?n Cort?s called them, and their 'many different peoples' was brutal and prolonged. 'Strange Lands and Different Peoples' examines the myriad ramifications of Spanish intrusion, especially Maya resistance to it and the changes that took place in native life because of it. The studies assembled here, focusing on the first century of colonial rule (1524-1624), discuss issues of conquest and resistance, settlement and colonization, labor and tribute, and Maya survival in the wake of Spanish invasion. The authors reappraise the complex relationship between Spaniards and Indians, which was marked from the outset by mutual feelings of resentment and mistrust. While acknowledging the pivotal role of native agency, the authors also document the excesses of Spanish exploitation and the devastating impact of epidemic disease. Drawing on research findings in Spanish and Guatemalan archives, they offer fresh insight into the Kaqchikel Maya uprising of 1524, showing that despite strategic resistance, colonization imposed a burden on the indigenous population more onerous than previously thought. Guatemala remains a deeply divided and unjust society, a country whose current condition can be understood only in light of the colonial experiences that forged it. Affording readers a critical perspective on how Guatemala came to be, 'Strange Lands and Different Peoples' shows the events of the past to have enduring contemporary relevance.
Описание: A historical analysis of the racial views of atheists in the United States and Britain During the second half of the nineteenth century popular atheist movements were emerging in the United States and Britain and skepticism about Christianity was becoming widespread. This newly embraced secularization created a paradox. How could Western civilization represent the pinnacle of human progress, as most white atheists accepted, when the majority of these societies still believed in Christianity? The result of this tension was a profound ambivalence regarding issues of racial and civilizational superiority. At times, white atheists assented to scientific racism and hierarchical conceptions of civilization; at others, they denounced racial prejudice and spoke favorably of non-white, non-Western civilizations. This book offers a long-overdue historical analysis of the racial views of atheists and freethinkers in the United States and Britain during this time period. It provides a much-needed account of the complex and sometimes contradictory ideas espoused by this transatlantic community, tracing the complex ways in which they grappled with ideas about white superiority, and the role they played in early advocacy against racism and in favor of human rights. This exciting book delves into an understudied aspect of secular studies, and will be welcomed by anyone seeking a better understanding of modern racism and its origins.
Автор: Sanger, Margaret Название: Pivot of Civilization ISBN: 1538150360 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781538150368 Издательство: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Рейтинг: Цена: 5014.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Arguably her most important and influential book, this controversial work, first published in 1922 by pioneering birth-control advocate Margaret Sanger, attempted to broaden the still-radical idea of birth control beyond its socialist and feminist roots
Автор: Sabetti Filippo Название: Civilization & Self Governmentpb ISBN: 0739188127 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780739188125 Издательство: Bloomsbury Рейтинг: Цена: 6683.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This lively introduction to figurative language develops new analytical tools and proposes a cohesive view of a broad range of concepts, including metaphor, metonymy, simile, and irony. Comprehensive and practical, the book provides definitions of major concepts, offers in-depth analysis of examples and surveys figurative structures in different discourse genres.
Автор: Bragdon Kathleen J. Название: Native People of Southern New England, 1650-1775, Volume 259 ISBN: 0806167351 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780806167350 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 3129.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Despite the popular assumption that Native American cultures in New England declined after Europeans arrived, evidence suggests that Indian communities continued to thrive alongside English colonists. In this sequel to her Native People of Southern New England, 1500-1650, Kathleen J. Bragdon continues the Indian story through the end of the colonial era and documents the impact of colonization.As she traces changes in Native social, cultural, and economic life, Bragdon explores what it meant to be Indian in colonial southern New England. Contrary to common belief, Bragdon argues, Indianness meant continuing Native lives and lifestyles, however distinct from those of the newcomers. She recreates Indian cosmology, moral values, community organization, and material culture to demonstrate that networks based on kinship, marriage, traditional residence patterns, and work all fostered a culture resistant to assimilation.Bragdon draws on the writings and reported speech of Indians to counter what colonists claimed to be signs of assimilation. She shows that when Indians adopted English cultural forms - such as Christianity and writing - they did so on their own terms, using these alternative tools for expressing their own ideas about power and the spirit world.Despite warfare, disease epidemics, and colonists' attempts at cultural suppression, distinctive Indian cultures persisted. Bragdon's scholarship gives us new insight into both the history of the tribes of southern New England and the nature of cultural contact.
Описание: Despite challenges by the federal government to restrict the use of peyote, the Native American Church, which uses the hallucinogenic cactus as a religious sacrament, has become the largest indigenous denomination among American Indians today. This book examines the history of the NAC, including its legal struggles to defend the use of peyote.
Автор: Grumet Robert S. Название: Voices from the Delaware Big House Ceremony ISBN: 0806163127 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780806163123 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 2753.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Voices from the Delaware Big House Ceremony examines and celebrates the Big House ceremony, the most important Delaware Indian religious observance to be documented historically. Edited by Robert S. Grumet, this compilation of essays offers diverse perspectives, from both historical documents and contemporary accounts, which shed light on the ceremony and its role in Delaware culture. As Grumet says, ""The many voices brought together in this book produce something more akin to a chorus than a chant.""The annual fall festival known as the ""Gamwing"" (Big House) was the center of life for Delaware Indian communities in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana west to Ontario and Oklahoma. The last ceremony was performed by the Eastern Oklahoma Delaware community in 1924. Determined to preserve their traditions for future generations, Delaware Big House followers have worked with anthropologists to preserve Big House texts, rituals, songs, and sacred objects.Including commentaries by Delaware traditionalists from communities in Oklahoma, Wisconsin, and Ontario, where most descendants of the Big House Church live today, the volume also features an ethnographic description of the Big House ceremony and historical accounts dating from 1655 to 1984.Voices from the Delaware Big House Ceremony contributors and consultants are John Bierhorst, Ruthe Blalock Jones, Marlene Molly Miller, Michael Pace, Bruce L. Pearson, Terry J. Prewitt, James A. Rementer, and Darryl Stonefish.
Описание: Defining M?tis examineds categories used in the latter half of the nineteenth century by Catholic missionaries to describe Indigenous people in what is now northwestern Saskatchewan. It argues that the construction and evolution of these categories reflected missionaries' changing interests and agendas.Defining M?tis sheds light on the earliest phases of Catholic missionary work among Indigenous peoples in western and northern Canada. It examines various interrelated aspects of this work, including the beginings of residential schooling, transportation and communications and relations between the Church, the Hudson's Bay Company and the federal government.While focusing on the the Oblates of Mary Immaculate and their central mission at Ile-?-la-Crosse, this study illuminates broad processes that informed Catholic missionary perceptions and impelled their evolution over a fifty-three-year period. In particular, this study illuminates processes that shaped Oblate conceptions of sauvage and m?tis. It does this through a qualitative analysis of documents that were produced within the Oblates' institutional apparatus—offical correspondence, mission journals, registers, and published reports.Foran challenges the orthodox notion that Oblate commentators simply discovered and described a singular, empirically exisiting, and readily identifiable M?tis population. Rather, he contends that Oblates played an important role in the conceptual production ofles m?tis.
Описание: Recounts the reservation period of the Cheyennes and the Arapahoes in western Oklahoma. This is an investigation - and an indictment - of the assimilation and reservation policies thrust upon them in the latter half of the nineteenth century, policies that succeeded only in doing enormous damage to sturdy, vital people.
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