The Great Divergence brings new insight to one of the classic questions of history: Why did sustained industrial growth begin in Northwest Europe, despite surprising similarities between advanced areas of Europe and East Asia? As Ken Pomeranz shows, as recently as 1750, parallels between these two parts of the world were very high in life expectancy, consumption, product and factor markets, and the strategies of households. Perhaps most surprisingly, Pomeranz demonstrates that the Chinese and Japanese cores were no worse off ecologically than Western Europe. Core areas throughout the eighteenth-century Old World faced comparable local shortages of land-intensive products, shortages that were only partly resolved by trade.
Pomeranz argues that Europe's nineteenth-century divergence from the Old World owes much to the fortunate location of coal, which substituted for timber. This made Europe's failure to use its land intensively much less of a problem, while allowing growth in energy-intensive industries. Another crucial difference that he notes has to do with trade. Fortuitous global conjunctures made the Americas a greater source of needed primary products for Europe than any Asian periphery. This allowed Northwest Europe to grow dramatically in population, specialize further in manufactures, and remove labor from the land, using increased imports rather than maximizing yields. Together, coal and the New World allowed Europe to grow along resource-intensive, labor-saving paths. Meanwhile, Asia hit a cul-de-sac. Although the East Asian hinterlands boomed after 1750, both in population and in manufacturing, this growth prevented these peripheral regions from exporting vital resources to the cloth-producing Yangzi Delta. As a result, growth in the core of East Asia's economy essentially stopped, and what growth did exist was forced along labor-intensive, resource-saving paths--paths Europe could have been forced down, too, had it not been for favorable resource stocks from underground and overseas.
Автор: Paul, Tawny (university Of California, Los Angeles Название: Poverty of disaster ISBN: 1108739253 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781108739252 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 5069.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Eighteenth-century Britain saw significant numbers of the middle classes imprisoned for debt, with many motivated by a fear of financial failure rather than a desire for upward social mobility. This study examines the role that debt insecurity played within society, and the fragility of the credit relations that underpinned it.
Автор: Ahmad H. Ahmad, David T. Llewellyn, Victor Murinde Название: Inclusive financial development ISBN: 1800376375 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781800376373 Издательство: Edward Elgar Publishers Рейтинг: Цена: 26611.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Inclusive Financial Development provides theoretical and empirical analyses of the nature of financial inclusion. The contributing authors explore the impediments to inclusion that exist around the world, the macro and stability implications, and the regulation dimension.
Описание: One increasingly popular device for achieving a balance between authority and accountability in government is the institution of the ombudsman. The first non-Scandinavian ombudsman appeared in New Zealand in 1962, and since then the office has spread to many countries and been adopted at different levels of government. This book--the first intensiv
Автор: Campbell, John Creighton Название: How policies change ISBN: 0691634297 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780691634296 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 25819.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Japan is aging rapidly, and its government has been groping with the implications of this profound social change. In a pioneering study of postwar Japanese social policy, John Creighton Campbell traces the growth from small beginnings to an elaborate and expensive set of pension, health care, employment, and social service programs for older people. He argues that an understanding of policy change requires a careful disentangling of social problems and how they come to be perceived, the invention (or borrowing) of policy solutions, and conflicts and coalitions among bureaucrats, politicians, interest groups, and the general public. The key to policy change has often been the strategies adopted by policy entrepreneurs to generate or channel political energy. To make sense of all these complex processes, the author employs a new theory of four "modes" of decision-making--cognitive, political, artifactual, and inertial. Campbell refutes the claim that there is a unique "Japanese-style welfare state." Despite the big differences in cultural values, social arrangements, economic priorities, and political control, government responsibility for the "aging-society problem" is broadly similar to that in advanced Western nations. However, Campbell's account of how Japan has taken on that responsibility raises new issues for our understanding of both Japanese politics and theories of the welfare state.
Originally published in 1992.
The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Автор: Arkes Hadley Название: Bureaucracy, the Marshall Plan, and the National Interest ISBN: 0691619336 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780691619330 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 9504.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The Marshall Plan has been widely regarded as a realistic yet generous policy, and a wise construction of the national interest. But how was the blend of interest and generosity in the minds of its initiators transformed in the process of bureaucratic administration? Hadley Arkes studies the Marshall Plan as an example of the process by which a nat
Автор: Barrett, Christopher B. Название: Food Aid After Fifty Years ISBN: 0415701252 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415701259 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 11482.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Barrett, Christopher B. Название: Food Aid After Fifty Years ISBN: 0415701244 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415701242 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 24499.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Gould Wesley L., Barkun Michael Название: Social Science Literature: A Bibliography ISBN: 0691619514 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780691619514 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 15048.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This bibliography is a companion volume to International Law and the Social Sciences. One of the aims of the earlier work by Wesley L. Gould and Michael Barkun was to show how social science concepts could be employed in research in international law. With the support and encouragement of the American Society of international Law, they have now com
Описание: Providing a unique level of coverage, this book provides a comprehensive survey of the political and economic development of the countries of the former Soviet Union, from the mid-1990s onwards.
Описание: Basing his proposal on plans developed by New Deal social welfare administrators, Harvey analyzes the feasibility and desirability of using public sector job creation to secure a right to employment. He shows that such a policy would provide more effective relief from the problems of poverty and unemployment than do existing arrangements while perm
Автор: Mairi Maclean Название: The Mitterrand Years ISBN: 0333671678 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780333671672 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 21661.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A considered look at the Mitterrand presidency as a whole, its place in French history, and the trends for the twenty-first century emerging under Chirac. The fourteen years during which Mitterrand was at the helm ushered in fundamental change in many different domains, as France faced up to new challenges in an increasingly uncertain world.
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