Between 1959 and 1989, Soviet scientists and officials made numerous attempts to network their nation -- to construct a nationwide computer network. None of these attempts succeeded, and the enterprise had been abandoned by the time the Soviet Union fell apart. Meanwhile, ARPANET, the American precursor to the Internet, went online in 1969. Why did the Soviet network, with top-level scientists and patriotic incentives, fail while the American network succeeded? In "How Not to Network a Nation," Benjamin Peters reverses the usual cold war dualities and argues that the American ARPANET took shape thanks to well-managed state subsidies and collaborative research environments and the Soviet network projects stumbled because of unregulated competition among self-interested institutions, bureaucrats, and others. The capitalists behaved like socialists while the socialists behaved like capitalists.
After examining the midcentury rise of cybernetics, the science of self-governing systems, and the emergence in the Soviet Union of economic cybernetics, Peters complicates this uneasy role reversal while chronicling the various Soviet attempts to build a "unified information network." Drawing on previously unknown archival and historical materials, he focuses on the final, and most ambitious of these projects, the All-State Automated System of Management (OGAS), and its principal promoter, Viktor M. Glushkov. Peters describes the rise and fall of OGAS -- its theoretical and practical reach, its vision of a national economy managed by network, the bureaucratic obstacles it encountered, and the institutional stalemate that killed it. Finally, he considers the implications of the Soviet experience for today's networked world.
Описание: This book throws new light on the way in which the Internet impacts on democracy. Based on J?rgen Habermas’ discourse-theoretical reconstruction of democracy, it examines one of the world’s largest, most diverse but also most unequal democracies, Brazil, in terms of the broad social and legal effects the internet has had. Focusing on the Brazilian constitutional evolution, the book examines how the Internet might impact on the legitimacy of a democratic order and if, and how, it might yield opportunities for democratic empowerment. The book also assesses the ways in which law, as an institution and a system, reacts to the changes and challenges brought about by the Internet: the ways in which law may retain its strength as an integrative force, avoiding a ‘virtual’ legitimacy crisis.
A guided tour through the Internet of Things, a networked world of connected devices, objects, and people that is changing the way we live and work.
We turn on the lights in our house from a desk in an office miles away. Our refrigerator alerts us to buy milk on the way home. A package of cookies on the supermarket shelf suggests that we buy it, based on past purchases. The cookies themselves are on the shelf because of a "smart" supply chain. When we get home, the thermostat has already adjusted the temperature so that it's toasty or bracing, whichever we prefer. This is the Internet of Things -- a networked world of connected devices, objects, and people. In this book, Samuel Greengard offers a guided tour through this emerging world and how it will change the way we live and work.
Greengard explains that the Internet of Things (IoT) is still in its early stages. Smart phones, cloud computing, RFID (radio-frequency identification) technology, sensors, and miniaturization are converging to make possible a new generation of embedded and immersive technology. Greengard traces the origins of the IoT from the early days of personal computers and the Internet and examines how it creates the conceptual and practical framework for a connected world. He explores the industrial Internet and machine-to-machine communication, the basis for smart manufacturing and end-to-end supply chain visibility; the growing array of smart consumer devices and services -- from Fitbit fitness wristbands to mobile apps for banking; the practical and technical challenges of building the IoT; and the risks of a connected world, including a widening digital divide and threats to privacy and security. Finally, he considers the long-term impact of the IoT on society, narrating an eye-opening "Day in the Life" of IoT connections circa 2025.
Автор: Ducke Название: Civil Society and the Internet in Japan ISBN: 0415666406 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415666404 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 7195.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Using case studies, interviews, and empirical sources, Isa Ducke has produced an original work, analyzing the strategies and impact of Internet use by civil society actors and asks how useful it is for their work.
Автор: Sathi, Arvind Название: Cognitive (Internet of) Things ISBN: 1137594659 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781137594655 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 3772.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book explores cognitive behavior among Internet of Things. Using a series of current and futuristic examples - appliances, personal assistants, robots, driverless cars, customer care, engineering, monetization, and many more - the book covers use cases, technology and communication aspects of how machines will support individuals and organizations. This book examines the Cognitive Things covering a number of important questions:* What are Cognitive Things? * What applications can be driven from Cognitive Things - today and tomorrow?* How will these Cognitive Things collaborate with each and other, with individuals and with organizations?* What is the cognitive era? How is it different from the automation era? * How will the Cognitive Things support or accelerate human problem solving?* Which technical components make up cognitive behavior?* How does it redistribute the work-load between humans and machines?* What types of data can be collected from them and shared with external organizations?* How do they recognize and authenticate authorized users? How is the data safeguarded from potential theft? Who owns the data and how are the data ownership rights enforced?Overall, Sathi explores ways in which Cognitive Things bring value to individuals as well as organizations and how to integrate the use of the devices into changing organizational structures.
Case studies are used throughout to illustrate how innovators are already benefiting from the initial explosion of devices and data. Business executives, operational managers, and IT professionals will understand the fundamental changes required to fully benefit from cognitive technologies and how to utilize them for their own success.
Описание: This innovative guide provides first-hand experience building and programming projects that demonstrate utility and versatility of the Internet of Things (IoT) using Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and BeagleBone Black.
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