The Inverted Classroom Model: The 3rd German ICM-Conference – Proceedings, Eva-Marie Gro?kurth, J?rgen Handke
Автор: Arias & Anita Название: The Inverted Pyramid ISBN: 082139908X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780821399088 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 4712.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Pension systems in Europe and Central Asia are facing unprecedented challenges. While many of the countries in the region have undertaken reforms when their economies encounter diffi cult times, these reforms are frequently reversed as soon as the situation improves. However, the demographic trends in the region require new, sustained efforts toward changing the pension system to provide adequate yet sustainable benefi ts. The Inverting Pyramid documents the progressive generosity of pension systems in Europe since inception, with current popular expectations based on recent generous promises, which are neither based on historically customary practice nor affordable over time. The increased generosity in the past was driven by the assumption of a demographic pyramid with an ever expanding base of young people, but the last decades have revealed that the pyramid is beginning to invert in some countries, with fewer young people at the bottom and many more elderly people on top, making that generosity no longer affordable. Returning to the generosity of the pension system of the 1970s will go a long way toward providing adequate and sustainable benefi ts in the future. However, a more sustainable system will also require labor market reforms, improvements in savings mechanisms, and in many cases additional public resources. The extent to which a country can undertake reforms in labor markets, savings, and public fi nances can infl uence the extent to which its pension system will need to change, with different solutions possible for different countries. But in all cases, the changes that need to be made have to be widely discussed and publicly accepted to prevent painful reversals. The book hopes to stimulate widespread public discussion of the issue so that countries can make sustainable choices with gradual plementation, before they face such daunting challenges that they have to undertake sudden harsh measures.
Описание: A study of planets orbiting stars other than our Sun, the exoplanets. It explores the question of whether there can be life elsewhere in the Universe and whether this might involve advanced technologically-capable beings like ourselves.
Описание: A study of planets orbiting stars other than our Sun, the exoplanets. It explores the question of whether there can be life elsewhere in the Universe and whether this might involve advanced technologically-capable beings like ourselves.
Описание: Modernismo (1880S-1920S) is considered one of the most groundbreaking literary movements in Hispanic history. This title shows how modernismo originated in Latin America and traveled to Spain, where it provoked a complete renovation of Spanish letters and contributed to a national identity crisis.
Описание: With The Rapid Development Of Machinery, Materials Science And Energy Engineering Technology In China, New Theories And Application Results Constantly Appear. Higher And Newer Requirements In These Fields Are Sought By Business Enterprises And Members Of The Engineering Profession.This Conference Was Held To Further Promote The Exchange And Cooperation Among Local Researchers, To Upgrade The Academic Standards And International Influence On The Study Of These Fields In China, And To Play A Positive Role In Bridging The Gap With The International Research Community.This Volume Consists Of 106 Peer-Reviewed Articles By Local And Foreign Eminent Scholars Which Cover The Frontiers And Hot Topics In Machinery And Process Equipment, Materials Science, Energy Engineering And Mechatronics.
Описание: A collection of selected papers presented at the International Conference of Marketing and Management Sciences held from 23 to 25 May 2008 in Athens, Greece. It is of interest to academics studying and teaching marketing and management courses and to managers dealing with strategies to cope with changes due to globalization.
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