Описание: Challenges long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don`t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation, but that revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of normal science.
An analysis of two heuristic strategies for the development of mechanistic models, illustrated with historical examples from the life sciences.
In Discovering Complexity, William Bechtel and Robert Richardson examine two heuristics that guided the development of mechanistic models in the life sciences: decomposition and localization. Drawing on historical cases from disciplines including cell biology, cognitive neuroscience, and genetics, they identify a number of "choice points" that life scientists confront in developing mechanistic explanations and show how different choices result in divergent explanatory models. Describing decomposition as the attempt to differentiate functional and structural components of a system and localization as the assignment of responsibility for specific functions to specific structures, Bechtel and Richardson examine the usefulness of these heuristics as well as their fallibility -- the sometimes false assumption underlying them that nature is significantly decomposable and hierarchically organized.
When Discovering Complexity was originally published in 1993, few philosophers of science perceived the centrality of seeking mechanisms to explain phenomena in biology, relying instead on the model of nomological explanation advanced by the logical positivists (a model Bechtel and Richardson found to be utterly inapplicable to the examples from the life sciences in their study). Since then, mechanism and mechanistic explanation have become widely discussed. In a substantive new introduction to this MIT Press edition of their book, Bechtel and Richardson examine both philosophical and scientific developments in research on mechanistic models since 1993.
Описание: Simulation-Based Engineering and Science (SBE&S) cuts across disciplines, showing tremendous promise in areas from storm prediction and climate modeling. This title concludes that while the US remains the quantitative leader in SBE&S research and development, it is very much in danger of losing that edge to Europe and Asia.
Автор: Martin Carrier Название: The Completeness of Scientific Theories ISBN: 0792324757 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792324751 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 27944.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Earlier in this century, many philosophers of science (for example, Rudolf Carnap) drew a fairly sharp distinction between theory and observation, between theoretical terms like `mass` and `electron`, and observation terms like `measures three meters in length` and `is _2 Degrees Celsius`.
Автор: Jean-Claude Falmagne; Christopher Doble Название: On Meaningful Scientific Laws ISBN: 3662516381 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783662516386 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 9781.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The authors describe systematic methods for uncovering scientific laws a priori, on the basis of intuition, or "Gedanken Experiments". Mathematical expressions of scientific laws are, by convention, constrained by the rule that their form must be invariant with changes of the units of their variables.
Автор: Hakob Barseghyan Название: The Laws of Scientific Change ISBN: 3319367862 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319367866 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6986.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book systematically creates a general descriptive theory of scientific change that explains the mechanics of changes in both scientific theories and the methods of their assessment.
Описание: Three events, which happened all within the same week some ten years ago, set me on the track which the book describes. The first was a reading of Emile Meyerson works in the course of a prolonged research on Einstein's relativity theory, which sent me back to Meyerson's Ident- ity and Reality, where I read and reread the striking chapter on "Ir- rationality." In my earlier researches into the origins of French Conven- tionalism I came to know similar views, all apparently deriving from Emile Boutroux's doctoral thesis of 1874 De fa contingence des lois de la nature and his notes of the 1892-3 course he taught at the Sorbonne De 'idee de fa loi naturelle dans la science et la philosophie contempo- raines. But never before was the full effect of the argument so suddenly clear as when I read Meyerson. On the same week I read, by sheer accident, Ernest Moody's two- parts paper in the JHIof 1951, "Galileo and Avempace." Put near Meyerson's thesis, what Moody argued was a striking confirmation: it was the sheer irrationality of the Platonic tradition, leading from A vem- pace to Galileo, which was the working conceptual force behind the notion of a non-appearing nature, active all the time but always sub- merged, as it is embodied in the concept of void and motion in it.
Автор: Amanda Guill?n Название: Pragmatic Idealism and Scientific Prediction ISBN: 3319630423 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319630427 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 13974.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This monograph analyzes Nicholas Rescher`s system of pragmatic idealism. and III) From Reality to Values: Ontological Features, Axiological Elements, and Ethical Aspects of Scientific Prediction. This insightful analysis offers a critical reconstruction of Rescher`s philosophy.
Автор: W.R. Woodward; Robert S. Cohen Название: World Views and Scientific Discipline Formation ISBN: 0792312864 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792312864 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 38433.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The various efforts to develop a Marxist philosophy of science in the one- time `socialist` countries were casualties of the Cold War.
Описание: However, nearly every- one - including scientists - agrees that the concepts of modem physics are quite incomprehensible: They are both unintelligible to the educated lay-person and to the scientific community itself, where there is much dispute over the interpretation of even (and especially) the most basic concepts.
Автор: L. Magnani; N.J. Nersessian; Paul Thagard Название: Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery ISBN: 0306462923 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780306462924 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 40389.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This text explains how specific modelling practices employed by scientists are productive methods of creative changes in science. Model based reasoning promotes conceptual change because it is effective in abstracting, generating, and integrating constraints in ways that produce novel results.
Автор: Barseghyan, Hakob Название: Laws of scientific change ISBN: 3319175955 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319175959 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6986.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book systematically creates a general descriptive theory of scientific change that explains the mechanics of changes in both scientific theories and the methods of their assessment.
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