Описание: This book lays the groundwork for further use of Electron Spin Echo Envelop Modulation (ESEEM) and opens the possibility of highly precise chemical fingerprinting. It reveals an astonishingly long memory of spin coherence in semiconductor particles.
Автор: Barnat Edward V., Lu Toh-Ming Название: Pulsed and Pulsed Bias Sputtering / Principles and Applications ISBN: 140207543X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781402075438 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 19564.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Pulsed and pulsed bias sputter deposition are advanced thin deposition techniques that allow one to produce high quality metal and insulating films. In the pulsed sputtering case, the technique allows one to deposit insulating films while minimizing adverse effects associated with charge accumulation on the target in the reactive deposition mode. In the pulsed bias sputtering case, one can deposit metal films on an insulating substrate while controlling the degree of charging on the substrate. One of the important aspects of these techniques is to be able to control the film properties such as density, orientation, texture, and morphology during deposition. This book provides basic knowledge on the design of the instrumentation for pulsed and pulsed bias sputtering techniques as well as the knowledge for the control of thin film properties using the deposition parameters such as pulsing cycle and duty.The book focuses on the basic principles and experimentation of the pulsed and pulsed bias sputter deposition of thin films. The transient charging characteristics of the target in the DC reactive sputtering of insulator films and of the insulating substrate in the DC sputtering of metal films without the pulsing are discussed in detail. The predictions and experimentation of the discharging (neutralization) strategies using pulsing potentials are presented. Examples are given on the growth of thin films using these strategies and on the relationship between the film properties the pulsing parameters. In addition, the book also presents in a coherent manner the basic physics of DC plasma formation and the utilization of the plasma in the sputtering environment. The book will not only be useful for academic researchers but also for industrial scientists interested in sputter coating of high quality metal and insulating films.
Автор: Geir Humborstad S?rland Название: Dynamic Pulsed-Field-Gradient NMR ISBN: 3662444992 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783662444993 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 18284.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Dealing with the basics, theory and applications of dynamic pulsed-field-gradient NMR NMR (PFG NMR), this book describes the essential theory behind diffusion in heterogeneous media that can be combined with NMR measurements to extract important information of the system being investigated.
Автор: Yun Kuang; Pengsong Li; Liang Luo; Xiaoming Sun Название: Nanoseparation Using Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation ISBN: 9811051895 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811051890 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6986.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This brief introduces the classification and mechanism of density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGUC) method with rich examples showing the versatility of such an efficient separation technique.
Описание: A corresponding principle applies to controlled radical polymerisation per formed in quite a number of modes such as nitroxide mediated polymerisation (NMP), atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP), reversible addition frag mentation chain transfer (RAFT) or catalytic chain transfer (CCT) reactions.
Описание: "The problems involved in separating complex macromolecules require under- standing not only the chromatographic process but also the physicochemical behavior of the solutes."
Автор: Robert Kratz; Peter Wyder Название: Principles of Pulsed Magnet Design ISBN: 364207829X ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642078293 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 23508.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book deals with the design of pulsed coils for the generation of high magnetic fields. The scope is limited to nondestructive coils. The book's pur- pose is to provide the designer of a pulsed field facility, the inquisitive stu- dent and the scientist with a concise and comprehensive text which describes every aspect of coil design. Special emphasis is laid upon first-order princi- pies, which allowan estimation with paper and pencil and are important for an understanding of the basic design principles. These design formulas are then supplemented by numerical calculations and simulations. The physics necessary to describe a pulsed coil are the theories of electromagnetism, of continuum mechanics and of thermodynamics. It is the combination of these fields of physics which make the construction of a coil at first sight seem a rather tedious process. In this book we want to lead any newcomer to the club through this jungle and we describe the meaning of all possible design variables. The path to the final construction starts with only the most im- portant of these design variables, and later the finer details of 'second order' get incorporated. We have divided the book into four chapters. In Chapter 1 we give an introduetion to the necessary physics.
Автор: Jamie Ryan Gardner Название: Neutral Atom Imaging Using a Pulsed Electromagnetic Lens ISBN: 3319684299 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319684291 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 15372.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book describes the design, construction, and characterization of a new type of aberration-corrected, neutral-atom lens. Atom beam control plays a crucial role in many different fields, ranging from fundamental physics research and materials science to applied nanotechnology. Despite this, atom-optical elements like lenses and mirrors remain relatively underdeveloped compared to their counterparts in other optics fields. Although aberration correction is addressed quite comprehensively in photon and electron lenses, no credible research efforts have yet produced the same technology for neutral atoms. It reports on progress towards a neutral atom imaging device that will be useful in a range of applications, including nanofabrication and surface microscopy. It presents a novel technique for improving refractive power and correcting chromatic aberration in atom lenses based on a fundamental paradigm shift from continuous, two-dimensional focusing to a pulsed, three-dimensional approach. Simulations of this system suggest that it will pave the way towards the long-sought goal of true atom imaging on the nanoscale. The book further describes the construction of a prototype lens, and shows that all of the technological requirements for the proposed system are easily satisfied. Using metastable neon from a supersonic source, the prototype was characterized for three different focal lengths and a diverse range of apertures. Despite some manufacturing imperfections, lower distortion and higher resolution than has been shown in any previous hexapole lens was observed. Comparison with simulations corroborates the underlying theory and encourages further refinement of the process.
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