Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis, R. Ugo

Автор: Piet W.N.M. van Leeuwen; Keiji Morokuma; J.H. van
Название: Theoretical Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis
ISBN: 9401042128 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401042123
Издательство: Springer
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Автор: R. Ugo
Название: Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis
ISBN: 9401012016 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401012010
Издательство: Springer
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Описание: In recent years, the liquid phase oxidation of organic substrates using transition metal compounds as catalysts has become a profitable means of obtaining industrially important chemicals. Millions of tons of valuable petrochemicals are produced in this manner annually 1]. Typical examples of such processes are the production of vinyl acetate or acetaldehyde via the Wacker process, equations (1) and (2); the Mid- Century process for the oxidation of methyl aromatics, such as p-xylene to tereph- thalic acid, equation (3); and the production of propylene oxide from propylene using alkyl hydroperoxides, equation (4). PdCI, CuCI 2 2 (1) CH2 = CH2 + 1/2 O2 -H 0 CH3CHO 2 (2) Co(OAcjz (3) (4) The vast majority of liquid phase transition metal catalyzed oxidations of organic compounds fall into these three broad categories: (a) free radical autoxidation reactions, (b) reactions involving nucleophilic attack on coordinated substrate such as the Wacker process, or (c) metal catalyzed reactions of organic substrates with hydroperoxides. Of these three classes of oxidations only the first represents the actual interaction of dioxygen with an organic substrate. The function of oxygen in the Wacker process is simply to re-oxidize the catalyst after each cycle 2].

Автор: R. Ugo
Название: Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis
ISBN: 9401077908 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401077903
Издательство: Springer
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Автор: Piet W.N.M. van Leeuwen; Keiji Morokuma; J.H. van
Название: Theoretical Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis
ISBN: 0792331079 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792331070
Издательство: Springer
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Описание: Presents the quantitative application of quantum chemistry to organometallic reactions. This title deals with key reactions of homogeneous catalysis including oxidative addition, migratory insertions, 2+2 additions, the Wacker reaction, and epoxidation. It provides experimental chemists with an overview of the state of the art in this field.

Автор: R. Ugo
Название: Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis
ISBN: 9400983735 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400983731
Издательство: Springer
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Описание: Another approach is via the peracid route 10, Il], whereby propylene is epoxidized by an organic peracid, usually peracetic acid. The latter is prepared either by reaction of acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide, or by autoxidation of acetaldehyde. - (3) - (4) ---I.... MeC0 H MeCHO +02 3 /'\. (5) MeC0 H + MeCH=CH ---I .... MeCH-CH + MeC0 H 3 2 2 2 Although this method has been extensively studied 10, II] and is often the method of choice for laboratory scale preparations of epoxides, it has not been widely applied on a commercial scale. The reasons are probably to be found in the hazards associated with the handling of these explosive and corrosive peracids on an industrial scale. Nevertheless, several companies continue to groom this method for future commercialization 12]. With organic hydroperoxides becoming available as commercial chemicals, in the last decade propylene oxide process technology has seen the commercializa- tion of the hydroperoxide route. Such a process, developed by Halcon Interna- tional and Atlantic Richfield, is that often referred to as the Halcon or Oxirane process 13]. It involves the reaction of propylene with an alkyl hydroperoxide in the presence of a soluble, metal catalyst (usually a molybdenum compound). The alkyl hydroperoxide is prepared by autoxidation of an appropriate hydro- carbon. For example, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) is prepared by autoxida- tion of isobutane. (6) Reaction with propylene gives propylene oxide and tert-butanol as a coproduct.

Автор: R. Ugo
Название: Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis
ISBN: 9401033439 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401033435
Издательство: Springer
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Автор: R. Ugo
Название: Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis
ISBN: 9401022879 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401022873
Издательство: Springer
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Автор: R. Ugo
Название: Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis
ISBN: 9400963653 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400963658
Издательство: Springer
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Описание: Among the first examples of a nitrogen-containing heterocycle to be formed by homogeneous catalysis is the triazine shown in Equation 1 which is the product of the trimerization of benzonitrile in the presence of iron penta carbonyl or Raney- nickel [4] .