The information age owes its existence to a little-known but crucial development, the theoretical study of logic and the foundations of mathematics. The Great Formal Machinery Works draws on original sources and rare archival materials to trace the history of the theories of deduction and computation that laid the logical foundations for the digital revolution.
Jan von Plato examines the contributions of figures such as Aristotle; the nineteenth-century German polymath Hermann Grassmann; George Boole, whose Boolean logic would prove essential to programming languages and computing; Ernst Schr der, best known for his work on algebraic logic; and Giuseppe Peano, cofounder of mathematical logic. Von Plato shows how the idea of a formal proof in mathematics emerged gradually in the second half of the nineteenth century, hand in hand with the notion of a formal process of computation. A turning point was reached by 1930, when Kurt G del conceived his celebrated incompleteness theorems. They were an enormous boost to the study of formal languages and computability, which were brought to perfection by the end of the 1930s with precise theories of formal languages and formal deduction and parallel theories of algorithmic computability. Von Plato describes how the first theoretical ideas of a computer soon emerged in the work of Alan Turing in 1936 and John von Neumann some years later.
Shedding new light on this crucial chapter in the history of science, The Great Formal Machinery Works is essential reading for students and researchers in logic, mathematics, and computer science.
Автор: Loney Название: An Elementary Treatise on Statics ISBN: 1316603814 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781316603819 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 7603.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Originally published in 1917, this textbook presents a detailed and contained introduction to statics. Primarily aimed at undergraduate students of science, engineering and mathematics, the book considers statics from the very beginning and assumes only elementary prior knowledge of the ordinary processes of the differential and integral calculus.
Автор: Francisco J. Varela; J.P. Dupuy Название: Understanding Origins ISBN: 0792312511 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792312512 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 28929.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The main intention of this book is to bring together contributions from biology, cognitive science, and the humanities for a joint exploration of some of the main contemporary notions dealing with the understanding of origins in life,mind and society.
Автор: Antonio Lima-de-Faria Название: Molecular Origins of Brain and Body Geometry ISBN: 3319060554 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319060552 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 20962.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: New concepts arise in science when apparently unrelated fields of knowledge are put together in a coherent way. The recent results in molecular biology allow to explain the emergence of body patterns in animals that before could not be understood by zoologists. There are no ”fancy curiosities” in nature. Every pattern is a product of a molecular cascade originating in genes and a living organism arises from the collaboration of these genes with the outer physical environment. Tropical fishes are as startling in their colors and geometric circles as peacocks. Tortoises are covered with the most regular triangles, squares and concentric circles that can be green, brown or yellow. Parallel scarlet bands are placed side by side of black ones along the body of snakes. Zebras and giraffes have patterns which are lessons in geometry, with their transversal and longitudinal stripes, their circles and other geometric figures. Monkeys, like the mandrills, have a spectacularly colored face scarlet nose with blue parallel flanges and yellow beard. All this geometry turns out to be highly molecular. The genes are many and have been DNA sequenced. Besides they not only deal with the coloration of the body but with the development of the brain and the embryonic process. A precise scenario of molecular events unravels in the vertebrates. It may seem far-fetched, but the search for the origin of this geometry made it mandatory to study the evolution of matter and the origin of the brain. It turned out that matter from its onset is pervaded by geometry and that the brain is also a prisoner of this ordered construction. Moreover, the brain is capable of altering the body geometry and the geometry of the environment changes the brain. Nothing spectacular occurred when the brain arrived in evolution. Not only it came after the eye, which had already established itself long ago, but it had a modest origin. It started from sensory cells on the skin that later aggregated into clusters of neurons that formed ganglia. It also became evident that pigment cells, that decide the establishment of the body pattern, originate from the same cell population as neurons (the neural crest cells). This is a most revealing result because it throws light on the power that the brain has to rapidly redirect the coloration of the body and to change its pattern. Recent experiments demonstrate how the brain changes the body geometry at will and within seconds, an event that could be hardly conceived earlier. Moreover, this change is not accidental it is related to the surrounding environment and is also used as a mating strategy. Chameleons know how to do it as well as flat fishes and octopuses. No one would have dared to think that the brain had its own geometry. How could the external geometry of solids or other figures of our environment be apprehended by neurons if these had no architecture of their own? Astonishing was that the so called ”simple cells”, in the neurons of the primary visual cortex, responded to a bar of light with an axis of orientation that corresponded to the axis of the cell’s receptive field. We tend to consider our brain a reliable organ. But how reliable is it? From the beginning the brain is obliged to transform reality. Brain imagery involves: form, color, motion and sleep. Unintentionally these results led to unexpected philosophical implications. Plato’s pivotal concept that ”forms” exist independently of the material world is reversed. Atoms have been considered to be imaginary for 2,000 years but at present they can be photographed, one by one, with electron microscopes. The reason why geometry has led the way in this inquiry is due to the fact that where there is geometry there is utter simplicity coupled to rigorous order that underlies the phenomenon where it is recognized. Order allows variation but imposes at the same time a canalization that is patent in what we call evolution.
Описание: Where the Truth Lies is an absorbing account of a case of suspected fraud involving the tragic career of the molecular biologist Franz Moewus that illustrates all that can go wrong in scientific knowledge-making.
Автор: Boylan Michael Название: Origins of Ancient Greek Science ISBN: 0415843936 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415843935 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 24499.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
This book examines the origins of ancient Greek science using the vehicles of blood, blood vessels, and the heart. Careful attention to biomedical writers in the ancient world, as well as to the philosophical and literary work of writers prior to the Hippocratic authors, produce an interesting story of how science progressed and the critical context in which important methodological questions were addressed. The end result is an account that arises from debates that are engaged in and "solved" by different writers. These stopping points form the foundation for Harvey and for modern philosophy of biology. Author Michael Boylan sets out the history of science as well as a critical evaluation based upon principles in the contemporary canon of the philosophy of science--particularly those dealing with the philosophy of biology.
Автор: J.B.H. Peek; Jan Bergmans; J. A. M. M. van Haaren; Название: Origins and Successors of the Compact Disc ISBN: 9048181542 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048181544 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 19589.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book traces the origins of the CD system and the subsequent evolution of digital optical storage, with a focus on the contributions of Philips to this field, which released and demonstrated a prototype in March 1979.
Автор: Lo Bello Anthony Название: Origins of Mathematical Words ISBN: 1421410982 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781421410982 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 7207.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: These and hundreds of other terms wait to be discovered within the pages of this mathematical and etymological treasure chest.
Автор: G.F. Leneaux; Pierre Duhem; V.N. Vagliente; G.H. W Название: The Origins of Statics ISBN: 0792308980 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792308980 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 48076.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: If ever a major study of the history of science should have acted like a sudden revolution it is this book, published in two volumes in 1905 and 1906 under the title, Les origines de la statique.
Описание: This ambitious book considers social scientific topics such as identity, community, sexual difference, self, and ecology from a microbial perspective. Harnessing research and evidence from earth systems science and microbiology, and particularly focusing on symbiosis and symbiogenesis, the book argues for the development of a microontology of life.
Автор: M.S. Macrakis Название: Scarcity`s Ways: The Origins of Capital ISBN: 0792347609 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792347606 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 20962.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: In economics, the existence of capital is taken for granted, yet it is difficult to establish for it a robust definition. This title is an exploratory essay on the origins of capital and the foundations of thermodynamics. It is suitable for historians and philosophers of science and economics, and engineering thermodynamicists.
Описание: A critical study of the work of Elie Metchnikoff, the founding father of modern immunology. It explores Metchnikoff`s development as an embryologist, showing how it prepared him to propose his theory of host-pathogen interaction.
ООО "Логосфера " Тел:+7(495) 980-12-10 www.logobook.ru
