Автор: Roland Pfau, Markus Steinbach, Annika Herrmann Название: A Matter of Complexity: Subordination in Sign Languages ISBN: 1501511335 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781501511332 Издательство: Walter de Gruyter Цена: 18586.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Since natural languages exist in two different modalities – the visual-gestural modality of sign languages and the auditory-oral modality of spoken languages – it is obvious that all fields of research in modern linguistics will benefit from research on sign languages. Although previous studies have provided important insights into a wide range of phenomena of sign languages, there are still many aspects of sign languages that have not yet been investigated thoroughly. The structure of subordinated clauses is a case in point. The study of these complex syntactic structures in the visual-gestural modality adds to our understanding of linguistic variation in the domain of subordination. Moreover, it offers new empirical and theoretical evidence concerning possible structures and functions of subordination in natural languages. And last but not least, it answers the question to what extent the corresponding morphosyntactic and prosodic strategies depend on the modality of articulation and perception. This volume represents the first collection of papers by leading experts in the field investigating topics that go beyond the analysis of simple clauses. It thus contributes in innovative ways to recent debates about syntax, prosody, semantics, discourse structure, and information structure and their complex interrelation.
Автор: Englund Sandra Pfau Название: School Fundraising: So Much More Than Cookie Dough ISBN: 0997087803 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780997087802 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 2068.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
In School Fundraising: So Much More than Cookie Dough, Sandra Pfau Englund, Esq. turns her 20+ years of experience working with nonprofit groups into a comprehensive, easy-to-read, guide to the profits to be made - and the pitfalls to avoid - volunteering for your school's fundraising group. It's More than Cookie Dough is a must-have book for school administrators who work with the fundraising groups, and the for the volunteers who manage them.
School Fundraising: So Much More than Cookie Dough includes:
More than 50 quick takeaways summarizing the do's and don'ts of school fundraising
Over 20 "recipes for success" containing Sandy's insider tips for avoiding the pitfalls of starting and maintaining a school booster club, including how to get IRS 501(c)(3) status, what to if your group gets its exemption revoked, or you find out the booster club has never filed taxes
Appendices chock full of sample documents and guidelines, form donation letters and receipts, budget worksheets and suggested financial
The book's companion website, www.morecookiedough.com, provides even more tools, tips and bonus material to make managing school fundraising groups easier than ever before.
Описание: How much can you spend in retirement? Naturally, this is an essential question for those approaching this important life transition. Essentially, if you wish to retire one day, you are increasingly responsible for figuring out how to save during your working years and convert your savings into sustainable income for an ever-lengthening number of retirement years. The nature of risk also changes in retirement, as the lifestyle of retirees become more vulnerable to the impacts of market volatility, unknown longevity, and spending shocks. Retirees have one opportunity to build a successful plan. It is not an easy task, but it is manageable. This book focuses on sustainable spending from investments, which is an important piece of any retirement plan. People want to know if they have saved enough to be able to fund their lifestyle in retirement. In this book, I explain the findings of a large body of financial planning research regarding sustainable spending from investment portfolios in the face of a variety of retirement risks. That body of research tends to begin with the 4 percent rule of thumb for retirement spending. I explain how and why it was developed, what it means, and when it may or may not be appropriate for retirees. William Bengen's 1994 study gave us the concept of the SAFEMAX, which is the highest sustainable spending rate from the worst-case scenario observed in the US historical data. The Trinity study added portfolio success rates from the historical data for different spending strategies. Both studies suggest that for a thirty-year retirement period, a 4 percent inflation-adjusted withdrawal rate using a 50-75 percent stock allocation should be reasonably safe. I have reservations about the 4 percent rule. It may be too aggressive for current retirees for reasons including increasing longevity, historically low interest rates coupled with higher than average stock market valuations, the impact of the international experience with the 4 percent rule casting a different light than 20th century US historical data, the need to maintain a rather aggressive asset allocation to have the best shot at success, and because the 4 percent rule assumes that investors do not pay any fees or otherwise underperform the underlying market indices. However, other factors suggest that sustainable spending may be even higher than traditional studies imply. Reasons for this include that actual retirees may tend to reduce their spending with age, that they build more diversified portfolios than used in the basic research studies, that real-world retirees may be willing to adjust spending for realized portfolio performance, and that some retirees may have the capacity and tolerance to accept higher portfolio failure probabilities because they have other sources of income from outside their portfolios. Related to these points, I also analyze nine variable spending strategies for retirees as well as the use of strategies that support short-term spending needs with individual bonds and longer-term spending needs with stocks. Retirees need to weigh the consequences between spending too little and spending too much-that is, being too frugal or running out of assets. This book is about implementing what I call the "probability-based" school of thought for retirement planning. It is especially relevant for people who plan to fund their retirements using an investment portfolio and those who are hesitant about using income annuities or other insurance products. I will explore annuities and insurance more extensively in later volumes since I do believe in the value of risk pooling as an additional source of returns to more efficiently meet retirement spending goals. But for now, we have plenty to discuss within the world of sustainable spending from an investment portfolio in retirement. The book concludes with a discussion about how to put these ideas together into a retirement spending plan.
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