Описание: Challenges long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don`t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation, but that revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of normal science.
Автор: Benjamin A. Cornelius Название: The Logical Structure of Science ISBN: 0367426072 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367426071 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 5358.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Originally published in 1936. This book addresses the argument in the philosophy of science between the positivists and the anti-positivists. It presents an examination of science, metaphysics and a general theory of symbolism before a treatise showing that the development from one stage of symbolism to the next is inevitable.
Автор: Epstein Richard L. Название: The Internal Structure of Predicates and Names ISBN: 1938421310 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781938421310 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 7348.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
This series of volumes is meant to extend the scope of what we can formalize in classical predicate logic, and in doing so see the real limitations of what can be done.
The first section of this volume presents classical predicate logic with equality.
In the second section. that logic is extended to formalize reasoning that involves adverbs and relative adjectives by viewing those as modifiers of simpler predicates. What is normally taken to be an atomic predicate, such as "barking loudly", can then have internal structure. Reasoning that involves conjunctions of terms, as in "Tom and Dick lifted the table", conjunctions of modifiers, conjunctions of predicates, and disjunctions of predicates can also be formalized by viewing them as part of the internal structure of atomic predicates. Many questions about the nature of formalizing arise in doing this.
The internal structure of names is the topic of the third and last section. First, names for functions are used in classical predicate logic to form complex names. In our ordinary reasoning we also use descriptions to form functions, such as "the wife of ", and descriptions to form names, such as "the cat that scratched Zoe". To reason with those we can take account of their internal structure by dropping the assumption that every name must refer to a specific thing.
The formal systems that are developed here are not just formalisms but are meant to help us understand how to reason well. Many worked examples show how to use them. Those examples also uncover limitations of the formal work. Throughout this series of volumes, the work proceeds by abstracting and creating formal models to formalize reasoning. By paying attention to the process of abstracting we gain insight into why we consider some reasoning to be good and some reasoning bad, and insight also into the deeper assumptions we make about the world on which our judgments rely.
Автор: Sullivan Название: Reference and Structure in the Philosophy of Language ISBN: 1138062634 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138062634 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 7654.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
This volume investigates the precise contours of the connections between two foundational concepts: reference (the means of semantically expressing singular or object-dependent information) and structure (the having or lacking of meaningful sub-parts). Sullivan shows that the notion of structure, properly excavated, underlies and grounds various important points in the theory of reference. As such, this work builds on and further develops work by Bertrand Russell, Saul Kripke, David Kaplan, and Stephen Neale - principally, among many others.
Sullivan aims to clearly establish the intrinsic connections between structure and reference, which brings into focus informative and explanatory connections underlying otherwise disparate debates about various aspects of linguistic communication. The overall result is a simple, comprehensive lens that can help to clarify a wide range of semantic phenomena.
Название: Science and the Structure of Ethics ISBN: 1138514373 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138514379 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 6583.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Well positioned in the naturalistic tradition of ethical theory extending from John Dewey at the start and Richard Rorty at the conclusion of the century, Abraham Edel`s volume offers a remarkable synthesis of the ways hi which ethical statements can be examined, and the nature of ethical concerns.
Описание: This book describes the social and economic conditions in Ireland in the second half of the 19th century, that is after the Great Famine. Though the famine severely affected the under-developed parts of Ireland, it did not greatly affect the Irish economy as a whole . On the contrary, an ever-increasing output was now spread over a falling population. GDP per capita went on rising, and people had more money to spread. The Government, the economy, agricultural and industrial, the churches, the educational system, medicine, the arts, the music, and the sports are described.
Описание: This book describes the social and economic conditions in Ireland in the second half of the 19th century, that is after the Great Famine. Though the famine severely affected the under-developed parts of Ireland, it did not greatly affect the Irish economy as a whole . On the contrary, an ever-increasing output was now spread over a falling population. GDP per capita went on rising, and people had more money to spread. The Government, the economy, agricultural and industrial, the churches, the educational system, medicine, the arts, the music, and the sports are described.
Автор: Rolf Hvidtfeldt Название: The Structure of Interdisciplinary Science ISBN: 3030081192 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783030081195 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 8384.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book presents a novel approach to the analysis of interdisciplinary science based on the contemporary philosophical literature on scientific representation. The basic motivation for developing this approach is that epistemic issues are insufficiently dealt with in the existing literature on interdisciplinarity. This means that when interdisciplinary science is praised (as it often is), it is far from clear to what extent this praise is merited – at least if one cares about various more or less standardised measures of scientific quality. To develop a more adequate way of capturing what is going on in interdisciplinary science, the author draws inspiration from the rich philosophical literature on modelling, idealisation, perspectivism, and scientific pluralism. The discussion hereof reveals a number of critical pitfalls related to transferring mathematical and conceptual tools between scientific contexts, which should be relevant and interesting for anyone actively engaged in funding, evaluating, or carrying out interdisciplinary science.
Автор: Vincenzo De Risi Название: Leibniz and the Structure of Sciences ISBN: 3030255719 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783030255718 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 19564.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The book offers a collection of essays on various aspects of Leibniz’s scientific thought, written by historians of science and world-leading experts on Leibniz. The essays deal with a vast array of topics on the exact sciences: Leibniz’s logic, mereology, the notion of infinity and cardinality, the foundations of geometry, the theory of curves and differential geometry, and finally dynamics and general epistemology. Several chapters attempt a reading of Leibniz’s scientific works through modern mathematical tools, and compare Leibniz’s results in these fields with 19th- and 20th-Century conceptions of them. All of them have special care in framing Leibniz’s work in historical context, and sometimes offer wider historical perspectives that go much beyond Leibniz’s researches. A special emphasis is given to effective mathematical practice rather than purely epistemological thought. The book is addressed to all scholars of the exact sciences who have an interest in historical research and Leibniz in particular, and may be useful to historians of mathematics, physics, and epistemology, mathematicians with historical interests, and philosophers of science at large.
Автор: Schulz, Armin W. Название: Structure, Evidence, and Heuristic ISBN: 0367465906 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367465902 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 22202.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book is the first systematic treatment of the philosophy of science underlying evolutionary economics. It does not advocate an evolutionary approach towards economics, but rather assesses the epistemic value of appealing to evolutionary biology in economics more generally.
Автор: Newton-Smith, W. H. Название: The Structure of Time ISBN: 1138394068 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138394063 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 5205.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Originally published in 1980. The author`s arguments here provide grounds for rejecting both the absolutist and the relativist theories of time and presents two new theories, shifting the traditional debate to a consideration of time as a theoretical structure and theoretical framework.
Автор: Burgess John P. Название: Rigor and Structure ISBN: 0198822677 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780198822677 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 9171.00 р. Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Описание: John P. Burgess presents an illuminating study of the nature of mathematical rigor and of mathematical structure, and above all of the relation between them. He considers recent developments in the field including experimental mathematics and computerized formal proofs, and surveys many historical developments in mathematics, philosophy, and logic.
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