Описание: Imagine a human society, perhaps in pre-history, in which people were generally of a psychological kind with us, had the use of natural language to communicate with one another, but did not have any properly moral concepts in which to exhort one another to meet certain standards and to lodge related claims and complaints. According to The Birth of Ethics, the members of that society would have faced a set of pressures, and made a series of adjustments in response, sufficient to put them within reach of ethical concepts. Without any planning, they would have more or less inevitably evolved a way of using such concepts to articulate desirable patterns of behavior and to hold themselves and one another responsible to those standards. Sooner or later, they would have entered ethical space. While this central claim is developed as a thesis in conjectural history or genealogy, the aim of the exercise is philosophical. Assuming that it explains the emergence of concepts and practices that are more or less equivalent to ours, the story offers us an account of the nature and role of morality. It directs us to the function that ethics plays in human life and alerts us to the character in virtue of which it can serve that function. The emerging view of morality has implications for the standard range of questions in meta-ethics and moral psychology, and enables us to understand why there are divisions in normative ethics like that between consequentialist and Kantian approaches.
Автор: Churchland Patricia S. Название: Braintrust: What Neuroscience Tells Us about Morality ISBN: 0691180970 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780691180977 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 2374.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
A provocative new account of how morality evolved
What is morality? Where does it come from? And why do most of us heed its call most of the time? In Braintrust, neurophilosophy pioneer Patricia Churchland argues that morality originates in the biology of the brain. She describes the neurobiological platform of bonding that, modified by evolutionary pressures and cultural values, has led to human styles of moral behavior. The result is a provocative genealogy of morals that asks us to reevaluate the priority given to religion, absolute rules, and pure reason in accounting for the basis of morality. Moral values, Churchland argues, are rooted in a behavior common to all mammals--the caring for offspring. The evolved structure, processes, and chemistry of the brain incline humans to strive not only for self-preservation but for the well-being of allied selves--first offspring, then mates, kin, and so on, in wider and wider caring circles. Separation and exclusion cause pain, and the company of loved ones causes pleasure; responding to feelings of social pain and pleasure, brains adjust their circuitry to local customs. In this way, caring is apportioned, conscience molded, and moral intuitions instilled. A key part of the story is oxytocin, an ancient body-and-brain molecule that, by decreasing the stress response, allows humans to develop the trust in one another necessary for the development of close-knit ties, social institutions, and morality. A major new account of what really makes us moral, Braintrust challenges us to reconsider the origins of some of our most cherished values.
Автор: Shiffrin Seana Valentine Название: Speech Matters: On Lying, Morality, and the Law ISBN: 0691173613 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780691173610 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 3960.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
To understand one another as individuals and to fulfill the moral duties that require such understanding, we must communicate with each other. We must also maintain protected channels that render reliable communication possible, a demand that, Seana Shiffrin argues, yields a prohibition against lying and requires protection for free speech. This book makes a distinctive philosophical argument for the wrong of the lie and provides an original account of its difference from the wrong of deception.
Drawing on legal as well as philosophical arguments, the book defends a series of notable claims--that you may not lie about everything to the "murderer at the door," that you have reasons to keep promises offered under duress, that lies are not protected by free speech, that police subvert their mission when they lie to suspects, and that scholars undermine their goals when they lie to research subjects.
Many philosophers start to craft moral exceptions to demands for sincerity and fidelity when they confront wrongdoers, the pressures of non-ideal circumstances, or the achievement of morally substantial ends. But Shiffrin consistently resists this sort of exceptionalism, arguing that maintaining a strong basis for trust and reliable communication through practices of sincerity, fidelity, and respecting free speech is an essential aspect of ensuring the conditions for moral progress, including our rehabilitation of and moral reconciliation with wrongdoers.
Автор: Young Garry Название: Ethics in the Virtual World ISBN: 1844655504 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781844655502 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 6123.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Ethics in the Virtual World examines the gamer`s enactment of taboo activities in the context of both traditional and contemporary philosophical approaches to morality. The book raises pertinent questions about one of the most rapidly expanding leisure pursuits in western culture.
Название: New interdisciplinary landscapes in morality and emotion ISBN: 1138500593 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138500594 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 22202.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: New Interdisciplinary Landscapes in Morality and Emotion brings together researchers from the fields of psychology, philosophy, computer science and the humanities to explore the relationship between morality and emotion.
Автор: Fisher, David Название: Morality and the Bomb ISBN: 0367466260 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367466268 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 5051.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Originally published in 1985, this book surveys how NATO policy sought to come to terms with the revolution in thinking about war which was brought about by the advent of nuclear weapons. It also examines the logic of deterrence.
Автор: May Todd Название: A Decent Life: Morality for the Rest of Us ISBN: 022660974X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780226609744 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 3485.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: You're probably never going to be a saint. Even so, let's face it: you could be a better person. We all could. But what does that mean for you? In a world full of suffering and deprivation, it's easy to despair--and it's also easy to judge ourselves for not doing more. Even if we gave away everything we own and devoted ourselves to good works, it wouldn't solve all the world's problems. It would make them better, though. So is that what we have to do? Is anything less a moral failure? Can we lead a fundamentally decent life without taking such drastic steps? Todd May has answers. He's not the sort of philosopher who tells us we have to be model citizens who display perfect ethics in every decision we make. He's realistic: he understands that living up to ideals is a constant struggle. In A Decent Life, May leads readers through the traditional philosophical bases of a number of arguments about what ethics asks of us, then he develops a more reasonable and achievable way of thinking about them, one that shows us how we can use philosophical insights to participate in the complicated world around us. He explores how we should approach the many relationships in our lives--with friends, family, animals, people in need--through the use of a more forgiving, if no less fundamentally serious, moral compass. With humor, insight, and a lively and accessible style, May opens a discussion about how we can, realistically, lead the good life that we aspire to. A philosophy of goodness that leaves it all but unattainable is ultimately self-defeating. Instead, Todd May stands at the forefront of a new wave of philosophy that sensibly reframes our morals and redefines what it means to live a decent life.
Описание: In Morality and Ethics of War, which includes a foreword by Major General Susan Coyle, ethicist Deane-Peter Baker goes beyond existing treatments of military ethics to address a fundamental problem: the yawning gap that exists between the diverse moral frameworks defining personal identity in a multicultural society on the one hand, and the professional military ethic on the other. Baker argues that overcoming this chasm is essential to minimising the ethical risks that can lead to operational and strategic failure for military forces engaged in today’s complex conflict environment. He contends that spanning the gap is vital in preventing moral injury from befalling the nation’s uniformed servants. Drawing on a revised account of what he calls ‘the Just War Continuum’, Baker develops a bridging framework that combines conceptual clarity and rigour with insights from cutting edge psychological research and creates a practical means for military leaders to negotiate the moral chasm in military affairs.
Автор: Roger S. Gottlieb Название: Morality and the Environmental Crisis ISBN: 1316506126 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781316506127 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 4118.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The environmental crisis creates painful emotions and difficult moral dilemmas. This engaging, compassionate, and intellectually rigorous book helps readers think through the value of nature and our treatment of animals, individual responsibility and collective political change, newfound dilemmas of reason, and how to face environmental despair.
Автор: O`Hara Название: Moral Certainty and the Foundations of Morality ISBN: 3319754432 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319754437 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 13974.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: And it does so in a way that eschews moral conservativism and opens the way for a rich understanding of the variety and particularity of our human moral systems, while also keeping a significant place for those moral beliefs that occur universally, across cultures.
Автор: L.S. Cahill; M.A. Farley Название: Embodiment, Morality, and Medicine ISBN: 9048145198 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048145195 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 27944.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Embodiment, Morality and Medicine deals with the relevance of `embodiment` to bioethics, considering both the historical development and contemporary perspectives on the mind--body relation.
Автор: Thomas L. Carson Название: The Status of Morality ISBN: 9400963084 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400963085 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 20537.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: My interest in the issues considered here arose out of my great frustration in trying to attack the all-pervasive relativism of my students in introductory ethics courses at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
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