The information age owes its existence to a little-known but crucial development, the theoretical study of logic and the foundations of mathematics. The Great Formal Machinery Works draws on original sources and rare archival materials to trace the history of the theories of deduction and computation that laid the logical foundations for the digital revolution.
Jan von Plato examines the contributions of figures such as Aristotle; the nineteenth-century German polymath Hermann Grassmann; George Boole, whose Boolean logic would prove essential to programming languages and computing; Ernst Schr der, best known for his work on algebraic logic; and Giuseppe Peano, cofounder of mathematical logic. Von Plato shows how the idea of a formal proof in mathematics emerged gradually in the second half of the nineteenth century, hand in hand with the notion of a formal process of computation. A turning point was reached by 1930, when Kurt G del conceived his celebrated incompleteness theorems. They were an enormous boost to the study of formal languages and computability, which were brought to perfection by the end of the 1930s with precise theories of formal languages and formal deduction and parallel theories of algorithmic computability. Von Plato describes how the first theoretical ideas of a computer soon emerged in the work of Alan Turing in 1936 and John von Neumann some years later.
Shedding new light on this crucial chapter in the history of science, The Great Formal Machinery Works is essential reading for students and researchers in logic, mathematics, and computer science.
Автор: Eliav-Feldon Название: The Origins of Racism in the West ISBN: 1107687268 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107687264 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 6494.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Is it possible to speak of western racism before the eighteenth century? In this book, leading historians argue that racism can be traced back to the attitudes of the ancient Greeks towards their Persian enemies and that it was adopted, adjusted and re-formulated by Europeans right through until the dawn of the Enlightenment.
Описание: No Enchanted Palace traces the origins and early development of the United Nations, one of the most influential yet perhaps least understood organizations active in the world today. Acclaimed historian Mark Mazower forces us to set aside the popular myth that the UN miraculously rose from the ashes of World War II as the guardian of a new and peace
Описание: A full history of the French Foreign Ministry - the Quai d`Orsay - in the years before World War I. The author throws light on French policy and actions during the July crisis, and contributes to the debate over the origins of World War I.
Автор: Tolhurst Fiona Название: Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Feminist Origins of the Arthuri ISBN: 1403965439 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781403965431 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 12577.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Feminist Origins of the Arthurian Legend offers the first feminist analysis of the Arthurian section of Geoffrey of Monmouth`s History of the Kings of Britain and his Life of Merlin.
Описание: Assessing the British Empire in the light of scholarship and the progressive opening of historical records, this volume explores the origins of empire. It shows how and why England, and later Britain, became involved with transoceanic navigation, trade, and settlement during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Описание: A richly documented and illustrated survey of the archaeology of a crucible of world culture, covering the earliest urban cultures and the emergence of states. This book is a key resource for students of the ancient Near East and the Bronze Age Mediterranean, and a valuable reference work for scholars in related disciplines.
Автор: Haider Название: The origins of the Shi??a ISBN: 1107010713 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107010710 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 14890.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book explores the birth and development of Shi`i identity. Through a critical analysis of legal texts, whose provenance has only recently been confirmed, the study shows how the early Shi`a carved out independent religious and social identities through specific ritual practices and within separate sacred spaces.
This classic study by the late John Doyle Klier is considered a seminal text in modern Jewish history by one of the foremost scholars in the field. In this, his first book, Klier offers an important analysis of Russia's early acquisition of, attitudes toward, and administration of its Jewish population. He argues that the Russian response to the Jewish Question was based less on a tradition or religious antipathy than on the failure to develop a consistent, well-articulated policy in the face of a new and unusual problem. This failure led to ineffective social legislation and became the legacy of Russia's first encounter with the Jews. This essential book will be of enduring interest to scholars of modern Russian and Jewish history.
Описание: Helicopters patrolled low over the city, filming blocks of burning cars and buildings, mobs breaking into storefronts, and the vicious beating of truck driver Reginald Denny. For a week in April 1992, Los Angeles transformed into a cityscape of rage, purportedly due to the exoneration of four policemen who had beaten Rodney King. It should be no surprise that such intense anger erupted from something deeper than a single incident. In The Contested Murder of Latasha Harlins, Brenda Stevenson tells the dramatic story of an earlier trial, a turning point on the road to the 1992 riot. On March 16, 1991, fifteen-year-old Latasha Harlins, an African American who lived locally, entered the Empire Liquor Market at 9172 South Figueroa Street in South Central Los Angeles. Behind the counter was a Korean woman named Soon Ja Du. Latasha walked to the refrigerator cases in the back, took a bottle of orange juice, put it in her backpack, and approached the cash register with two dollar bills in her hand-the price of the juice. Moments later she was face-down on the floor with a bullet hole in the back of her head, shot dead by Du. Joyce Karlin, a Jewish Superior Court judge appointed by Republican Governor Pete Wilson, presided over the resulting manslaughter trial. A jury convicted Du, but Karlin sentenced her only to probation, community service, and a $500 fine. The author meticulously reconstructs these events and their aftermath, showing how they set the stage for the explosion in 1992. An accomplished historian at UCLA, Stevenson explores the lives of each of these three women-Harlins, Du, and Karlin-and their very different worlds in rich detail. Through the three women, she not only reveals the human reality and social repercussions of this triangular collision, she also provides a deep history of immigration, ethnicity, and gender in modern America. Massively researched, deftly written, The Contested Murder of Latasha Harlins will reshape our understanding of race, ethnicity, gender, and-above all-justice in modern America.
Автор: Lo Bello Anthony Название: Origins of Mathematical Words ISBN: 1421410982 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781421410982 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 7207.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: These and hundreds of other terms wait to be discovered within the pages of this mathematical and etymological treasure chest.
ООО "Логосфера " Тел:+7(495) 980-12-10 www.logobook.ru
