Описание: The book examines Kerala’s experience of fiscal decentralization, finances and decentralized planning of rural and urban local governments, and draws lessons for achieving sound fiscal decentralization. It presents the 5th State Finance Commission’s approach and methodology on the devolution of the State taxes to local governments. This book presents a number of lessons on the transfer of financial powers, mobilization of own sources of revenue and inter-governmental transfer of funds, and argues that the outcome of fiscal decentralization in Kerala is poor or unsatisfactory due to partial and distorted implementation. It shows that transferring a large number of expenditure functions at an early stage of fiscal decentralization without the assignment of adequate administrative and financial powers has resulted in poor execution of all the functions. The study points out the need to move from partial to full fiscal decentralization.
Описание: The book examines Kerala’s experience of fiscal decentralization, finances and decentralized planning of rural and urban local governments, and draws lessons for achieving sound fiscal decentralization. It presents the 5th State Finance Commission’s approach and methodology on the devolution of the State taxes to local governments. This book presents a number of lessons on the transfer of financial powers, mobilization of own sources of revenue and inter-governmental transfer of funds, and argues that the outcome of fiscal decentralization in Kerala is poor or unsatisfactory due to partial and distorted implementation. It shows that transferring a large number of expenditure functions at an early stage of fiscal decentralization without the assignment of adequate administrative and financial powers has resulted in poor execution of all the functions. The study points out the need to move from partial to full fiscal decentralization.
Описание: This book is the first to offer a full exploration of the theory of uneven and combined development
Автор: Rajan S. Irudaya Название: India Migration Report 2020: Kerala Model of Migration Surveys ISBN: 0367625563 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367625566 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 24499.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: India Migration Report 2020 examines how surveys operate to collect, analyse and bring to life socio-economic issues in social science research, with a focus on the strategies and the importance of information collected by Kerala Migration Surveys since 1998.
Автор: Rolf Steven Название: China`s Uneven and Combined Development ISBN: 3030555585 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783030555580 Издательство: Springer Цена: 10480.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Fear of geopolitical catastrophe drove China to open its economy, while GPNs enabled China to generate substantial export surpluses which could be recycled through state-owned banks as cheap credit and subsidies to large, vertically integrated and politically-controlled state-owned enterprises.
Автор: Dutt Название: Growth, Distribution and Uneven Development ISBN: 1316601382 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781316601389 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 4435.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book presents an international study of economic growth and income distribution, with a focus on North-South differences. The text discusses the topic from a purely theoretical perspective, comparing the relations between economies by using formal mathematical models.
Описание: This book is the first to offer a full exploration of the theory of uneven and combined development
Автор: A. Bhalla Название: Uneven Development in the Third World ISBN: 0333630815 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780333630815 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 23757.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The book defines uneven development in terms of development strategies and their outcomes. Also three kinds of outcomes are examined: growth of output and productivity, income, consumption and class inequalities in three spatial dimensions - intra-regional, inter-regional and rural-urban.
Over the past two decades, China has rapidly increased its spending on its public pension programs, to the point that pension funding is one of the government's largest expenditures. Despite this, only about fifty million citizens—one-third of the country's population above the age of sixty—receive pensions. Combined with the growing and increasingly violent unrest over inequalities brought about by China's reform model, the escalating costs of an aging society have brought the Chinese political leadership to a critical juncture in its economic and social policies.
In Socialist Insecurity, Mark W. Frazier explores pension policy in the People's Republic of China, arguing that the government's push to expand pension and health insurance coverage to urban residents and rural migrants has not reduced, but rather reproduced, economic inequalities. He explains this apparent paradox by analyzing the decisions of the political actors responsible for pension reform: urban officials and state-owned enterprise managers. Frazier shows that China's highly decentralized pension administration both encourages the "grabbing hand" of local officials to collect large amounts of pension and other social insurance revenue and compels redistribution of these revenues to urban pensioners, a crucial political constituency.
More broadly, Socialist Insecurity shows that the inequalities of welfare policy put China in the same quandary as other large uneven developers—countries that have succeeded in achieving rapid growth but with growing economic inequalities. While most explanations of the formation and expansion of welfare states are derived from experience in today's mature welfare systems, developing countries such as China, Frazier argues, provide new terrain to explore how welfare programs evolve, who drives the process, and who sees the greatest benefit.
Описание: This book establishes a novel behavioural theory of economic development to illustrate that differences in human behaviour across cities and regions, both individually and collectively, are a significant deep-rooted cause of uneven development within and across nations.
Описание: Reforms spurred by accession to the European Union (EU) boosted productivity and integrated Romania into the EU economic space. Gross domestic product per capita rose from 30 percent of the EU average in 1995 to 59 percent in 2016. Today, over 70 percent of the country's exports go to the EU, and their technological complexity is increasing rapidly. Yet, Romania remains the country in the EU with by far the largest share of poor people, with over a quarter of the population living on less than $5.50 a day. There are widening disparities in economic opportunity and poverty across regions and between urban and rural areas. Although Bucharest has already exceeded the EU average income per capita, and many secondary cities are becoming hubs of prosperity and innovation, Romania remains one of the least urbanized countries in the EU. Access to public services remains constrained for many citizens, particularly in rural areas, and there is a large infrastructure gap, which is a drag on the international competitiveness of the more dynamic areas of Romania while limiting economic opportunities in lagging and rural areas. Growth is constrained by weak commitment to policy implementation, creating a poor business environment and misallocation of resources to politically connected firms. Equal opportunities are constrained by weak local service delivery and an inability to ensure sufficient local funding due to patronage-based politics. And resilience to natural disasters and climate change is constrained by lack of coordination between central and local authorities. As argued in this report, Romania has no choice but to address these institutional challenges if it is to sustain the impressive growth performance of recent years, share prosperity among all of its citizens, and improve its resilience to natural hazards.
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