Автор: Daston Lorraine, Galison Peter Название: Objectivity ISBN: 189095179X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781890951795 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 4752.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Objectivity has a history, and it is full of surprises. In Objectivity, Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison chart the emergence of objectivity in the mid-nineteenth-century sciences--and show how the concept differs from its alternatives, truth-to-nature and trained judgment. This is a story of lofty epistemic ideals fused with workaday practices in the making of scientific images. From the eighteenth through the early twenty-first centuries, the images that reveal the deepest commitments of the empirical sciences--from anatomy to crystallography--are those featured in scientific atlases, the compendia that teach practitioners what is worth looking at and how to look at it. Galison and Daston use atlas images to uncover a hidden history of scientific objectivity and its rivals. Whether an atlas maker idealizes an image to capture the essentials in the name of truth-to-nature or refuses to erase even the most incidental detail in the name of objectivity or highlights patterns in the name of trained judgment is a decision enforced by an ethos as well as by an epistemology. As Daston and Galison argue, atlases shape the subjects as well as the objects of science. To pursue objectivity--or truth-to-nature or trained judgment--is simultaneously to cultivate a distinctive scientific self wherein knowing and knower converge. Moreover, the very point at which they visibly converge is in the very act of seeing not as a separate individual but as a member of a particular scientific community. Embedded in the atlas image, therefore, are the traces of consequential choices about knowledge, persona, and collective sight. Objectivity is a book addressed to anyone interested in the elusive and crucial notion of objectivity-- and in what it means to peer into the world scientifically. Lorraine Daston is Director at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, Germany. She is the coauthor of Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750 and the editor of Things That Talk: Object Lessons from Art and Science (both Zone Books). Peter Galison is Pellegrino University Professor of the History of Science and of Physics at Harvard University. He is the author of Einstein's Clocks, Poincare's Maps: Empires of Time, How Experiments End, and Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics, and other books, and coeditor (with Emily Thompson) of The Architecture of Science (MIT Press, 1999).
A foundational work on historical and social studies of quantification
What accounts for the prestige of quantitative methods? The usual answer is that quantification is desirable in social investigation as a result of its successes in science. Trust in Numbers questions whether such success in the study of stars, molecules, or cells should be an attractive model for research on human societies, and examines why the natural sciences are highly quantitative in the first place. Theodore Porter argues that a better understanding of the attractions of quantification in business, government, and social research brings a fresh perspective to its role in psychology, physics, and medicine. Quantitative rigor is not inherent in science but arises from political and social pressures, and objectivity derives its impetus from cultural contexts. In a new preface, the author sheds light on the current infatuation with quantitative methods, particularly at the intersection of science and bureaucracy.
It is widely believed in philosophy of science that nobody can claim that any verdict of science is forced upon us by the effects of a physical world upon our sense organs and instruments. The Quine-Duhem problem supposedly allows us to resist any conclusion. Views on language aside, Quine is supposed to have shown this decisively.
But it is just false. In many scientific examples, there is simply no room to doubt that a particular hypothesis is responsible for a refutation or established by the observations.
Fault Tracing shows how to play independently established hypotheses against each other to determine whether an arbitrary hypothesis needs to be altered in the light of (apparently) refuting evidence. It analyses real examples from natural science, as well as simpler cases. It argues that, when scientific theories have a structure that prevents them from using this method, the theory looks wrong, and is subject to serious criticism. This is a new, and potentially far-reaching, theory of empirical justification.
It is widely believed in philosophy of science that nobody can claim that any verdict of science is forced upon us by the effects of a physical world upon our sense organs and instruments. The Quine-Duhem problem supposedly allows us to resist any conclusion. Views on language aside, Quine is supposed to have shown this decisively.
But it is just false. In many scientific examples, there is simply no room to doubt that a particular hypothesis is responsible for a refutation or established by the observations.
Fault Tracing shows how to play independently established hypotheses against each other to determine whether an arbitrary hypothesis needs to be altered in the light of (apparently) refuting evidence. It analyses real examples from natural science, as well as simpler cases. It argues that, when scientific theories have a structure that prevents them from using this method, the theory looks wrong, and is subject to serious criticism. This is a new, and potentially far-reaching, theory of empirical justification.
Автор: Komesaroff, Paul A Название: Objectivity, Science and Society ISBN: 0415474876 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415474870 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 8726.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Francesca Boccuni; Andrea Sereni Название: Objectivity, Realism, and Proof ISBN: 3319810855 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319810850 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 18167.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: SECTION I: MATHEMATICAL OBJECTS AND AXIOMATIZATION.- PART I: THE VARIETIES OF MATHEMATICAL OBJECTS.- Chapter 1: Semantic Nominalism: How I learned to Stop Worrying and Love Universals; Aldo Antonelli.- Chapter 2: Modality, Abstract Structures and Second-Order Logic; Robert Black.- Chapter 3: Category Theory and Set Theory: Algebraic Set Theory as an Example of their Interaction; Brice Halimi.- PART II: AXIOMS AND SET THEORY.- Chapter 4: Absolute Infinity; Leon Horsten.- Chapter 5: Forcing, multiverse and realism; Giorgio Venturi.- Chapter 6: True V or not True V, that is the Question; Gianluigi Oliveri.- SECTION II: REFERENCE AND EPISTEMOLOGY.- PART III: THE PROBLEM OF REFERENCE.- Chapter 7: Numbering Planets and Equating Facts; Robert Knowles.- Chapter 8: Multiversism and the Problem of Reference: How much Relativism is Acceptable? Neil Barton.- PART IV: MATHEMATICAL EPISTEMOLOGY AND COGNITION.- Chapter 9: The modal status of arithmetical truths in a contextual a priori framework; Markus Pantsar.- Chapter 10: Epistemology, Ontology and Application in Pincock's Account: A Weak Link? Marina Imocrante.- Chapter 11: Bootstrapping Rebooted; Mario Santos-Sousa.- SECTION III: FORMAL THEORIES AND THEIR PHILOSOPHY.- PART V: TRUTH AND FORMAL THEORIES.- Chapter 12: Incompleteness and the Flow of Truth; Mario Piazza.- Chapter 13: Notes on Axiomatic Truth and Predicative Comprehension; Carlo Nicolai.- PART VI: INFORMAL NOTIONS AND FORMAL ANALYSIS.- Chapter 14: Logic of Grounding: An Alternative Approach; Francesca Poggiolesi.- Chapter 15: Computability, Finiteness and the Standard Model of Arithmetic; Massimiliano Carrara and Enrico Martino and Matteo Plebani.- Chapter 16: The Significance of Categoricity for Formal Theories and Informal Beliefs; Samantha Pollock.
Автор: Cartwright, Nancy (professor Of Philosophy, Professor Of Philosophy, Durham University) Hardie, Jeremy (research Associate, Research Associate, Cpnss Название: What makes science trustworthy c ISBN: 0198866348 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780198866343 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 4752.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The Tangle of Science argues that the scientific method, rigour, and objectivity are insufficient to guarantee reliability. It shows how reliable science is underpinned by a vast network of other scientific products, brings into focus neglected areas of science, and emphasizes how every product works together to support results we can trust.
Описание: This book explores the evolving nature of objectivity in the history of science and its implications for science education. It is generally considered that objectivity, certainty, truth, universality, the scientific method and the accumulation of experimental data characterize both science and science education. Such universal values associated with science may be challenged while studying controversies in their original historical context. The scientific enterprise is not characterized by objectivity or the scientific method, but rather controversies, alternative interpretations of data, ambiguity, and uncertainty. Although objectivity is not synonymous with truth or certainty, it has eclipsed other epistemic virtues and to be objective is often used as a synonym for scientific. Recent scholarship in history and philosophy of science has shown that it is not the experimental data (Baconian orgy of quantification) but rather the diversity / plurality in a scientific discipline that contributes toward understanding objectivity. History of science shows that objectivity and subjectivity can be considered as the two poles of a continuum and this dualism leads to a conflict in understanding the evolving nature of objectivity. The history of objectivity is nothing less than the history of science itself and the evolving and varying forms of objectivity does not mean that one replaced the other in a sequence but rather each form supplements the others. This book is remarkable for its insistence that the philosophy of science, and in particular that discipline’s analysis of objectivity as the supposed hallmark of the scientific method, is of direct value to teachers of science. Meticulously, yet in a most readable way, Mansoor Niaz looks at the way objectivity has been dealt with over the years in influential educational journals and in textbooks; it’s fascinating how certain perspectives fade, while basic questions show no sign of going away. There are few books that take both philosophy and education seriously – this one does! Roald Hoffmann, Cornell University, chemist, writer and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
Автор: Michael Bitbol; Pierre Kerszberg; Jean Petitot Название: Constituting Objectivity ISBN: 9048181445 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048181445 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 36197.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book pins down the methodological core of transcendental epistemology that must be used in order to throw light on the foundations of modern physics. A renewed understanding of modern physics is offered by the concept of constitution of objectivity.
This book explores the evolving nature of objectivity in the history of science and its implications for science education. It is generally considered that objectivity, certainty, truth, universality, the scientific method and the accumulation of experimental data characterize both science and science education. Such universal values associated with science may be challenged while studying controversies in their original historical context. The scientific enterprise is not characterized by objectivity or the scientific method, but rather controversies, alternative interpretations of data, ambiguity, and uncertainty. Although objectivity is not synonymous with truth or certainty, it has eclipsed other epistemic virtues and to be objective is often used as a synonym for scientific.
Recent scholarship in history and philosophy of science has shown that it is not the experimental data (Baconian orgy of quantification) but rather the diversity / plurality in a scientific discipline that contributes toward understanding objectivity. History of science shows that objectivity and subjectivity can be considered as the two poles of a continuum and this dualism leads to a conflict in understanding the evolving nature of objectivity.
The history of objectivity is nothing less than the history of science itself and the evolving and varying forms of objectivity does not mean that one replaced the other in a sequence but rather each form supplements the others.
This book is remarkable for its insistence that the philosophy of science, and in particular that discipline's analysis of objectivity as the supposed hallmark of the scientific method, is of direct value to teachers of science. Meticulously, yet in a most readable way, Mansoor Niaz looks at the way objectivity has been dealt with over the years in influential educational journals and in textbooks; it's fascinating how certain perspectives fade, while basic questions show no sign of going away. There are few books that take both philosophy and education seriously - this one does
Roald Hoffmann, Cornell University, chemist, writer and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
Название: Objectivity in science ISBN: 3319143484 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319143484 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 13974.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book offers a comprehensive update on the scientific realism debate, enabling readers to gain a novel appreciation of the role of objectivity and truth in science and to understand fully the various ways in which antirealist conceptions have been subjected to challenge over recent decades.
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