Employment in Crisis (Portuguese Edition): The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America, Joana Silva, Liliana Sousa, Raymond Robertson, Truman Packard
Автор: Gordon Edward E. Название: Future Jobs: Solving the Employment and Skills Crisis ISBN: 1440829330 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781440829338 Издательство: Bloomsbury Рейтинг: Цена: 6386.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A pervasive disconnect exists between the job/career culture and the present economic reality in America. This book offers powerful strategies for stemming the employment crisis and proposes comprehensive solutions for businesses, government, and job seekers alike.
Автор: Guillermo Beylis, Roberto Fattal-Jaef, Rishabh Sinha, Michael Morris, Ashwini Rekha Sebastian Название: Economic Transformation and the Future of Work in Latin America and the Caribbean ISBN: 1464814481 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464814488 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 5010.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Following the so-called "Golden Decade" (2003-2013) of rapid development and strong improvements in social indicators, economic growth has stalled in Latin America and the Caribbean region (LAC). Today, the external environment no longer provides tailwinds to foster an economic rebound. Foreign direct investment has moderated, trade has slowed amid elevated tensions, financing conditions are tightening, and commodity prices are expected to remain flat in the short and medium term. The region therefore needs to find internal sources of growth and focus on a productivity-enhancing reform agenda.The report analyzes the structural transformation process in LAC and evaluates if the "premature de-industrialization" patterns observed in the data are a result of distortive policies or if they represent an efficient (i.e. growth maximizing) reallocation of resources responding to the underlying drivers of structural transformation. An important message of the report is that policy makers should not focus on sectoral size but rather on productivity growth. The emergence of new technologies--under the banner of the "4th Industrial Revolution"--suggests that opportunities for further industrialization or re-industrialization are likely to be limited in many developing countries.Looking forward, the region needs to develop a productivity agenda with a special focus on the services sector. Already the largest employer in the region with over 60 percent of the workforce, the services sector is expected to grow even further and play an increasingly crucial role as an input provider to the larger economy. In short, there is a need for a comprehensive set of service-sector oriented policies.The report concludes that three major economic forces are changing the nature of work and the demand for skills. First, the structural transformation process, in general, and the de-industrialization pattern observed for the economies in the region, in particular, imply that future job growth will occur mainly in the services sector. Second, the shift in economic structure is being accompanied by a transformation of the occupational structure within broad economic sectors. The importance of service occupations—those that produce intangible value added such as marketers, managers, designers--is increasing in all sectors of the economy. Third, as machines replace humans in carrying out simpler, more routine tasks, workers will have to adapt and perform a different set of tasks in the workplace. What may become more important as new automation technologies are adopted in LAC countries, is adult learning and re-training.
Описание: En su edicion correspondiente a 2021, el Estudio Economico de America Latina y el Caribe consta de tres partes. La primera resume el desempeno de la economia regional en 2020 y analiza su evolucion durante los primeros meses de 2021, asi como las perspectivas de crecimiento para 2021 y 2022.
Описание: Adoption of better technologies can generate better and more jobs for Senegal`s growing population. The book recommends policies to ensure availability of affordable digital infrastructure and to promote use of better technologies by firms as well as to narrow deepening digital divides across enterprises and households.
Описание: As per the Annual Report, 2018-19 of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government of India, there were 633.88 lakh micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the country engaged in different economic activities. Total employment in the MSMEs sector is estimated to be 1,109 lakh, and their contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) is pegged at 28.9 percent. In the wake of COVID-19, it was a particularly challenging time for MSMEs, many of which were on the brink of closing down their operations. Sensing the gravity of the situation, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced on May 12, 2020, the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (Self-reliant India Initiative) which combined relief, policy reforms and fiscal and monetary measures to help businesses and individuals cope up with the situation created by COVID-19 pandemic. A mega package of ` 20 lakh crore (10 percent of the GDP) was announced for the purpose. The details of the ` 20 lakh crore package were announced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in five tranches during the next five consecutive days. All the measures were aimed at spurring investment and buffering the economy against the Covid pandemic shock. In a bid to make MSMEs sector of the economy survive, the Finance Minister in her first tranche of the stimulus, announced on May 13, 2020, laid out specific boosters that could offer some relief to this hard-hit sector. The nearly ` 6 lakh crore tranche, included ` 3 lakh crore collateral-free automatic loans for MSMEs. Furthermore, from July 1, 2020, a new classification of MSMEs with liberalized definitions is in place. This book provides a descriptive and analytical account of the functioning of MSMEs in India. It discusses at length their role in the Indian economy, policies and programmes of the Government to promote them, and the problems faced by them.
Описание: Examining the causes of the acute Latin American debt crisis that began in mid-1982, North American analysts have typically focused on deficiencies in the debtor countries` economic policies and on shocks from the world economy. Much less emphasis has been placed on the role of the region`s principal creditors--private banks--in the development of
Название: The Global Economic Crisis in Latin America ISBN: 1138808482 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138808485 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 7961.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: When The 2008 Housing Market Bubble Burst In The United States, A Financial Crisis Rippled From The Epi-Center In The United States Across Borders Into Economies Both Near And Far, Causing Persistent Social And Economic Detriment In Many Countries. The Global Economic Crisis In Latin America: Impacts And Responses Is An Examination Of The Impacts And Responses In The Diverse Latin American Region Through The Lens Of Three Countries: Mexico, Brazil, And Argentina.
Chapter 1: Introduction.- Part I: Global Economic Crisis.- Chapter 2: The Road from Prosperity into the Crisis: The Long Cycle of Post-War Economic, Social and Political Development.- Chapter 3: The Systemic Nature of the Global Crisis and Some Principles for Tackling it.- Part II: Regional Governance and Crisis Management in Europe and Latin America.- Chapter 4: EU's Double Democratic Deficit.- Chapter 5: European Union's Democratic Legitimacy after the MoUs: The Political Legacy of an Economic Crisis.- Chapter 6: Finance Capitalism and Democracy: The Case of the Financial Transactions Tax.- Chapter 7: Regional Governance and Macroeconomic Crisis Management in Latin America.- Part III: Impact of the Crisis in Europe and Latin America: National Level.- Chapter 8: Managing the Crisis in Greece: The Missing Link Between External Conditionality and Domestic Political Economy.- Chapter 9: The Crisis, its Management and Impact on Equity and Democracy in Portugal and Possible Consequences for the EU.- Chapter 10: The 2011 Crisis in Italy: A Story of Deep Rooted (and Still Unresolved) Economic and Political Weaknesses.- Chapter 11: Latin American Economic Crises and Populist Bids: Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.- Chapter 12: The Fall of a Giant: Greed, Corruption and Abuse of Power Undermining Democracy in Brazil.- Chapter 13: Venezuela in Crisis - Governance, Equity and Democracy.- Part IV: Impact of the Crisis in Europe and Latin America: Regional Level.- Chapter 14: The Rise of Right-wing Populism in Europe: A Psychoanalytical Contribution.- Chapter 15: European Economic Governance and Rising Sovereignism.- Chapter 16: Eurozone Crisis Management and the Growth of Opposition to European Integration.- Chapter 17: A 'Pink Tide' Than a 'Turn to the Right': Populisms and Extremism in Latin America in the 21st Century.- Chapter 18: The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Latin American Regionalism and Beyond.- Part V: Conclusions.- Chapter 19: Comparing the Crises in Europe and Latin America: Causes, Management and Consequences.- Part VI: Reform Proposals.- Chapter 20: Financial Instability, Climate Change and the 'Digital Colonization' of Europe: Some Unconventional Proposals.- Chapter 21: Promoting Investment in the European Union, Evaluating the Junker Plan.- Chapter 22: Proposal for a Pact for National Responsibility Through EU Solidarity within the Present EU Architecture.- Chapter 23: Proposals for Reforms and Democratization of the EMU.- Chapter 24: Operational Proposal for an EU-CELAC Strategic Alliance.- Chapter 25: Epilogue - Financial Crises, Regionalism and Domestic Adjustment.
Описание: This report estimates how crises change labour market flows, assesses how these changes affect people, and discusses the key policy responses. A better policy framework for preventing, managing, and helping people recover from crises is crucial to lifting long-term growth and livelihoods in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Описание: This study documents the effects of the 2008–09 global financial crisis on poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). In doing so, it describes and decomposes the effects of the crisis on poverty using data from comparable household budget surveys for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, and labor force surveys for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. The study also provides macro-micro modeling of crisis and no-crisis scenarios for Mexico and Brazil, as well as the big picture and program-specific details of the social protection policy responses for these countries and more.Among the findings are the following. First, the effects of the global financial crisis on those living in poverty were not trivial: more than 3 million people fell into or remained mired in poverty in 2009 as a result of the crisis. Of these, 2.5 million were Mexican. Second, the changes in poverty were driven by changes in labor incomes caused by a variable combination of changes in employment rates and real wages. Third, the macro-micro modeling revealed different adjustment mechanisms but similar final incidence results for Brazil and Mexico. The results were regressive overall, with the middle of the income distribution hit even a bit more than the poor. According to the descriptive results from the larger set of countries, changes in inequality accounted for a tenth to a third of changes in poverty. Fourth, countries were quite active in their social protection policy responses, largely taking advantage of programs built in precrisis years. Social transfers partially offset the lower labor earnings of the poor, although income protection for the unemployed was weak. Finally, overall the policy messages are that good policy helps attenuate the links between a global crisis and poverty in the LAC countries, and many of the important things need to be done ex ante such as dealing with the macro fundamentals and building social protection programs.
Описание: A better policy framework for preventing, managing, and helping people recover from crises is crucial to lifting long-term growth and livelihoods in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The need for this policy framework has never been more urgent as the region faces the monumental task of recovery from the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. Whether specific policy responses will deliver the expected growth dividends will depend on the underlying vision of how labor markets adjust to crises and the quality of the policies enacted. This report estimates how crises change labor market flows, assesses how these changes affect people, and discusses the key policy responses.The key findings are threefold. First, crises have significant impacts on employment dynamics and structure in Latin America. Different labor market dynamics hide behind similar reductions in labor demand. Crises increase unemployment. This is the principal margin of adjustment despite highly informal labor markets. Across the region, the biggest employment losses are in the formal sector, driven by a reduction in job-finding rates rather than higher job-loss rates. Adjustment through reduction in hours worked does not seem to be an important factor in most countries' formal or informal sectors. Crises do not just shape worker flows temporarily—they have significant after-crisis effects on the structure of employment that last for several years. These effects are such that good job opportunities are gradually shrinking. Whereas in some countries the whole economy shrinks, in others informality serves as a partial buffer. Second, crises leave scars. Some workers recover from displacement and other livelihood shocks, while others are permanently scarred. For lower-skilled workers, earnings losses are persistent. Workers with higher education suffer no impacts of the crisis on their wages and very short-lived impacts on their employment. The responses are similar across male and female workers and workers with high and low previous participation in the formal labor market. New entrants to the labor market during a crisis face a worse career start – one from which it is difficult to recover. Yet, crises also bring efficiency gains, as detailed in this report.This study finds that both the structure of product markets and the conditions in local labor markets matter for the severity of crisis-induced employment and earnings losses across localities and sectors. Workers in more protected sectors that enjoy rents are sheltered from adjustment, while workers in localities with more informality cope better. This suggests the need for integrated responses at the worker, sector, and locality levels.Third, this study considers how the region’s policy frameworks can more effectively respond to crises—mitigating scarring, speeding adjustment, and promoting long-term growth. It proposes a three-pronged strategy, including (i) creating a more stable macroeconomic environment at the aggregate level to smooth the impacts of crises, including "automatic stabilizers" such as countercyclical, publicly-financed income support that is lacking in LAC; (ii) increasing the capacity of social protection and labor policies to provide income support as well prepare workers for change through reemployment assistance; and (iii) tackling structural issues, including addressing product market competition, contestability issues, and the spatial dimension behind poor labor market adjustment.
Название: Latin america after the financial crisis ISBN: 1137486619 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781137486615 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 14673.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Economists analyze seven Latin American countries to explore why the region was not as severely affected by the 2008 financial crisis as it had been by other crises in the past.
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