Are mass violence and catastrophes the only forces that can seriously decrease economic inequality? To judge by thousands of years of history, the answer is yes. Tracing the global history of inequality from the Stone Age to today, Walter Scheidel shows that inequality never dies peacefully. Inequality declines when carnage and disaster strike and increases when peace and stability return. The Great Leveler is the first book to chart the crucial role of violent shocks in reducing inequality over the full sweep of human history around the world.
Ever since humans began to farm, herd livestock, and pass on their assets to future generations, economic inequality has been a defining feature of civilization. Over thousands of years, only violent events have significantly lessened inequality. The "Four Horsemen" of leveling--mass-mobilization warfare, transformative revolutions, state collapse, and catastrophic plagues--have repeatedly destroyed the fortunes of the rich. Scheidel identifies and examines these processes, from the crises of the earliest civilizations to the cataclysmic world wars and communist revolutions of the twentieth century. Today, the violence that reduced inequality in the past seems to have diminished, and that is a good thing. But it casts serious doubt on the prospects for a more equal future.
An essential contribution to the debate about inequality, The Great Leveler provides important new insights about why inequality is so persistent--and why it is unlikely to decline anytime soon.
In Violent America, Ariane Chebel d'Appollonia counterintuitively analyzes why and how various ethnoracial groups proactively and instrumentally use different forms of violence to achieve their goals. Combining a historical analysis spanning the centuries with an examination of contemporary problems, she considers how and why ethnoracial groups can be both perpetrators and victims of violence, why some minority groups react differently to violence in comparable situations, and what the consequences are today for politics in both America and Europe.
Violent America thus explores the effects of physical and discursive violence on the ways in which ethnoracial groups define themselves. Chebel d'Appollonia argues that the use of ethnoracial violence has been and remains an effective identity strategy by which all ethnoracial groups are able to integrate themselves into the mainstream of American society. She provides an alternative way of understanding the complex relationship between migrant phobia, multiethnic grievances, and intergroup conflicts in America.
Описание: States and NonState Actors in Conflict. An original argument about the causes and consequences of political violence and the range of strategies employed.
Автор: Hayek, Ghenwa (university Of Chicago, Usa) Название: Beirut, imagining the city ISBN: 1838607064 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781838607067 Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic Рейтинг: Цена: 5384.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Beirut is the cultural, commercial and economic hub of Lebanon. But to what extent has the city affected and shaped the formation and perceptions of Lebanese national identity? Ghenwa Hayek here explores how anxieties over the past, present and future of Beirut have been articulated through a sense of dislocation present in Lebanese writing since the 1960s. Drawing on theories of cultural studies, geography and history, the author uses an interdisciplinary framework to explore the role that spaces - from rural to urban - have played and continue to play in the defining, and re-defining, of national identity in the seventy years since the creation of the Lebanese nation state. This theoretical perspective coupled with a close reading of little-explored contemporary writings lead Hayek to question the predominant assumption that Lebanese novelists only became engaged in discourses about place identity and individual and social belonging with the start of the fifteen-year civil war and the destruction of Beirut's city centre. Instead, the book shows that particular geographical imaginaries have been mobilized to describe, question and debate Lebanese identity since the 1960s and that some go back even further into the late nineteenth century. This re-reading calls for a re-evaluation of some of the most predominant assumptions about Lebanon and the processes of Lebanese identity formation across the country's modern history. Examining a wide range of modern and contemporary literature, Hayek charts the rise to cultural prominence of the city of Beirut as a significant player in shaping perceptions of Lebanese culture and identity.
Автор: Jared Goldstein Название: Real Americans: National Identity, Violence, and the Constitution ISBN: 0700632832 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780700632831 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 12539.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: On January 6, 2021, white supremacists, Christian nationalists, and other supporters of President Donald Trump stormed the US Capitol in an attempt to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election. The insurrection was widely denounced as an attack on the Constitution, and the subsequent impeachment trial was framed as a defense of constitutional government. What received little attention is that the January 6 insurrectionists themselves justified the violence they perpetrated as a defense of the Constitution; after battling the Capitol police and breaking doors and windows, the mob marched inside, chanting “Defend your liberty, defend the Constitution.”In Real Americans: National Identity, Violence, and the Constitution Jared A. Goldstein boldly challenges the conventional wisdom that a shared devotion to the Constitution is the essence of what it means to be American. In his careful analysis of US history, Goldstein demonstrates the well-established pattern of movements devoted to defending the power of dominant racial, ethnic, and religious groups, which deploy the rhetoric of constitutional devotion to express their national visions and justify their violence. Goldstein describes this as constitutional nationalism, an ideology that defines being an American as standing with, and by, the Constitution. This history includes the Ku Klux Klan’s self-declared mission to “protect and defend the Constitution of the United States,” which served to justify its campaign of violence in the 1860s and 1870s to prevent Black people from exercising the right to vote; Protestant Americans who felt threatened by the growing population of Catholics and Jews and organized mass movements to defend their status and power by declaring that the Constitution was made for a Protestant nation; native-born Americans who resisted the rising population of immigrants and who mobilized to exclude the newcomers and their alien ideas; corporate leaders arguing that regulation is unconstitutional and un-American; and Timothy McVeigh, who believed he was defending the Constitution by killing 168 people with a truck bomb.Real Americans: National Identity, Violence, and the Constitution reveals how the Constitution as the central embodiment and common ground of American identity has long been used to promote conflicting versions of American identity and to justify hatred, violence, and exclusion.
Название: The State, Identity and Violence ISBN: 1138874426 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138874428 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 7654.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Explores acts of mass violence occurring within national borders and examines the links such acts have to personal identities and how they challenge the character or very existence of the state.
Автор: Jared Goldstein Название: Real Americans: National Identity, Violence, and the Constitution ISBN: 0700632840 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780700632848 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 6376.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Boldly challenges the conventional wisdom that a shared devotion to the Constitution is the essence of what it means to be American. In his careful analysis of US history, Jared Goldstein demonstrates how movements deploy the rhetoric of constitutional devotion to express their national visions and justify their violence.
Автор: Guilianotti, Richard Название: Football, Violence and Social Identity ISBN: 0415098386 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415098380 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 7654.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Gottlieb, Esther Название: Identity Conflicts ISBN: 1412806593 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781412806596 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 13779.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: In the years after the First World War both Ulster and Upper Silesia saw violent conflicts over self-determination. Examining the nature of communal boundaries, such as religion and language, Timothy Wilson explains the profound contrasts in these experiences of plebeian violence.
Описание: A ground-breaking exploration of the women who through their construction of female identities, contest, resist, subvert or embrace the controversial issue of female circumcision in Egypt.
