Автор: Johnson Dennis W. Название: Campaigns and Elections: What Everyone Needs to Know ISBN: 0190935588 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780190935580 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 16162.00 р. Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Описание: Frequent and fair elections, open to all, are fundamental elements of a democracy. The United States, through its local, state, and national contests, holds more elections, more often, than any other democracy in the world. But in recent years, there have been troubling signs that our system of campaigns and elections has become much more fragile than we had previously thought. More specifically, in the past twenty years, campaigns have changed profoundly: social media and viral messaging compete with traditional media, races once considered local in nature have become nationalized, Supreme Court decisions on campaign finance law now encourage mega-donors, voters are more polarized, party affiliation has waned, and the middle ideological ground has given way to extremist language and voter rage. Twice in sixteen years we have seen winning presidential candidates gaining fewer popular votes than their opponents. The fundamental right of every citizen to vote has been impeded by state legislatures demanding tighter access, more identification, and accusations of voter fraud. And we have faced the real threat of foreign influence in our national elections. This book offers the most up-to-date examination of campaigns and elections, including the challenges and opportunities they present. It addresses fundamental questions about who votes in American elections, how legislative districts are reapportioned and why it matters, the realities of voter fraud, the pros and cons of reforming the Electoral College, the impact of dark money on campaigns, and the role of political consultants and specialists, among other topics. Given the fragility of our election process, what are the threats to a healthy American democracy? Do the candidates with the most money always win? This is not simply a book on how campaigns are run, but why campaigns and elections are integral components of American democracy and how those fundamental elements may be vulnerable to misuse.
Описание: Digital technology has moved from the margins to the mainstream of campaign and election organization in contemporary democracies. Previously considered a mere novelty item, technology has become a basic necessity for any candidate or party contemplating a run for political office. While it is difficult to pinpoint exactly when the first digital campaign was officially launched, the general consensus is that the breakthrough moment, at least in terms of public awareness, came during the 1992 U.S. election cycle. At the presidential level, it was Democratic nominee Bill Clinton who laid claim to this virtual terra nova after his staff uploaded a series of basic text files with biographical information for voters to browse. Since that time, use of the internet in elections has expanded dramatically in the U.S. and elsewhere. When the Nerds Go Marching In examines the increasing role and centrality of the internet within election campaigns across established democracies since the 1990s. Combining an extensive review of existing literature and comparative data sources with original survey evidence and web content analysis of digital campaign content across four nations--the UK, Australia, France, and the U.S.--the book maps the key shifts in the role and centrality of the internet in election campaigns over a twenty year period. Specifically, Gibson sets out the case for four phases of development in digital campaigns, from early amateur experimentation and standardization, to more strategic mobilization of activists and voters. In addition to charting the way these developments changed external interactions with citizens, Gibson details how this evolution is transforming the internal structure of political campaigns. Despite some early signs that the internet would lead to the devolution of power to members and supporters, more recent developments have seen the emergence of a new digitally literate cohort of data analysts and software engineers in campaign organizations. This group exercises increasing influence over key decision-making tasks. Given the resource implications of this new data-driven mode of digital campaigning, the book asserts that smaller political players face an even greater challenge to compete with their bigger rivals. Based on her findings, Gibson also speculates on the future direction for political campaigns as they increasingly rely on digital tools and artificial intelligence for direction and decision-making during elections.
Over the past twenty years, presidential candidates have developed an entertainment talk show strategy in which they routinely chat with the likes of Oprah Winfrey, David Letterman, and Jon Stewart. In fact, between 1992 and 2012, there have been more than 200 candidate interviews on daytime and late night talk shows with nearly every presidential candidate--from long shot primary contender to major party nominee--hitting the talk show circuit at some point during the campaign.
This book explores the development of the entertainment talk show strategy and assesses its impact on presidential campaigns. The chapters mix detailed narrative with extensive empirical data on audiences, content, viewer reaction, and press coverage to explain why candidates have embraced this strategy and the conditions under which these interviews are most likely to meet their expectations. The book also explores how these interviews can enhance campaigns by connecting a critical segment of the voting population with candidates who provide useful political information in a casual setting. Talk Show Campaigns shows that this is more than a gimmick--it's a key part of how candidates communicate with voters, which reveals a lot about how campaigns have changed over the past two decades.
This book is based on the Functional Theory of Political Campaign Discourse. It adopts a communication perspective to campaigns for public office. It discusses medium (e.g., speeches TV spots, debates, social media), sources of campaign messages, context (e.g., primary vs. general campaign), audience (voters and how they process messages), news coverage of election campaigns, and non-presidential and non-U.S. election messages.
Описание: This book offers a range of perspectives on European integration from different scientific disciplines. It aims to give its readers the opportunity to look at European integration from various scientific angles, such as history, political science, philosophy of science, economics, legal theory, social ontology, and evolutionary psychology.
Автор: Austin Erica Weintraub Название: Strategic Public Relations Management ISBN: 0415517699 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415517690 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 13779.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Strategic Public Relations Management features an applied approach to evidence-based, strategic public relations management. It emphasizes understanding audiences through research and demonstrates success through quantitative evaluation methods. The volume presents a scientific approach that helps future and current practitioners understand and communicate the value of public relations to others, using performance metrics to demonstrate return on investment.
New to the third edition:
New examples on the effective use of digital communication and online research tools;
Updated guidance on researching using digital tools and social media;
New examples that provide a more accessible pathway to real-world application.
In addition to these new features, the book covers:
Creating a framework for planning;
Up-to-date research tools and how to develop a research plan;
Gathering useful data for strategic guidance;
Real-world examples that provide readers with realistic cases and situations;
Applying theory to professional practice.
The book's accessibility will be welcomed by instructors and students with definitions of terms, a how-to approach, and an accessible style of writing throughout.
Описание: In developing democracies, political parties built around charismatic personalities, coupled with populist campaigns, often ascend to power. This tactic has long been effective in Latin America, and has resulted in parties that rely heavily on personalistic appeals and vote-buying. The predominant view is that ethnic parties are an exception to this rule; they behave differently from traditional populist parties by attracting voters based on the expectation that they will create policies to provide for the groups that they represent. In Candidate Matters: A Study of Ethnic Parties, Campaigns, and Electionsin Latin America, Karleen Jones West shows that under certain conditions, niche parties--such as ethnic parties--are not that different from their mainstream counterparts. Through a detailed examination of the Pachakutik party in Ecuador, she shows that the characteristics of individual candidates campaigning in their districts shapes party behavior. Ethnic parties that are initially programmatic can become personalistic and clientelistic because vote-buying is an effective strategy in rural indigenous areas, and because candidates with strong reputations and access to resources can create winning campaigns that buy votes and capitalize on candidates' personal appeal. Why do niche parties in developing democracies struggle to maintain programmatic and meaningful platforms? West argues that when candidates' legislative campaigns are personalistic and clientelistic in their districts, niche parties are unable to maintain unified programmatic support. By combining in-depth fieldwork on legislative campaigns in Ecuador with the statistical analyses of electoral results and public opinion, she demonstrates the importance of candidates and their districts for how niche parties compete, win, and become influential in developing democracies.
Описание: This book is a comprehensive content analysis of the use of polls by the three major television network newscasts during presidential general election campaigns from 1968 to 2016. It documents the dramatic increase of polls and the decline in coverage of substantive issues and the candidates` policy positions over that time.
Описание: In Campaigns That Matter, Wendland explores the role of campaign visits in the 2008, 2012, and 2016 presidential nominating contests. He explores the strategy behind visits as well as their mobilization effects and impact on candidate preference.
Описание: This study of U.S. presidential campaign coverage argues that journalists often tell audiences what actions candidates should take on the campaign trail based solely on whether they`re leading or trailing in the polls. The study of TV coverage of the last twelve elections shows that such "expectation setting" has increased dramatically over time.
Автор: ARBOUR, BRIAN Название: Candidate Centered Campaigns ISBN: 1137398604 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781137398604 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 10760.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The book discussed how contemporary political campaigns are increasingly sensitive to candidate-centered appeals, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of their own candidate to determine how their personalities, backgrounds, and likability and background fit into a campaign narrative, theme, and issue agenda.
Автор: Luke W. Capizzo, Regina M. Luttrell Название: Public Relations Campaigns: An Integrated Approach ISBN: 1544385587 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781544385587 Издательство: Sage Publications Рейтинг: Цена: 21067.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
With a focus on the tools needed for working in the PR industry, Public Relations Campaigns: An Integrated Approach gives students a hands-on introduction to creating successful, integrated PR campaigns.
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