Описание: Imagine a human society, perhaps in pre-history, in which people were generally of a psychological kind with us, had the use of natural language to communicate with one another, but did not have any properly moral concepts in which to exhort one another to meet certain standards and to lodge related claims and complaints. According to The Birth of Ethics, the members of that society would have faced a set of pressures, and made a series of adjustments in response, sufficient to put them within reach of ethical concepts. Without any planning, they would have more or less inevitably evolved a way of using such concepts to articulate desirable patterns of behavior and to hold themselves and one another responsible to those standards. Sooner or later, they would have entered ethical space. While this central claim is developed as a thesis in conjectural history or genealogy, the aim of the exercise is philosophical. Assuming that it explains the emergence of concepts and practices that are more or less equivalent to ours, the story offers us an account of the nature and role of morality. It directs us to the function that ethics plays in human life and alerts us to the character in virtue of which it can serve that function. The emerging view of morality has implications for the standard range of questions in meta-ethics and moral psychology, and enables us to understand why there are divisions in normative ethics like that between consequentialist and Kantian approaches.
Автор: Baumard Nicolas, Baumard N. Название: The Origins of Fairness: How Evolution Explains Our Moral Nature ISBN: 0190210222 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780190210229 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 10296.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: In order to describe the logic of morality, "contractualist" philosophers have studied how individuals behave when they choose to follow their moral intuitions. These individuals, contractualists note, often act as if they have bargained and thus reached an agreement with others about how to distribute the benefits and burdens of mutual cooperation. Using this observation, such philosophers argue that the purpose of morality is to maximize the benefits of human interaction. The resulting "contract" analogy is both insightful and puzzling. On one hand, it captures the pattern of moral intuitions, thus answering questions about human cooperation: why do humans cooperate? Why should the distribution of benefits be proportionate to each person's contribution? Why should the punishment be proportionate to the crime? Why should the rights be proportionate to the duties? On the other hand, the analogy provides a mere as-if explanation for human cooperation, saying that cooperation is "as if" people have passed a contract-but since they didn't, why should it be so? To evolutionary thinkers, the puzzle of the missing contract is immediately reminiscent of the puzzle of the missing "designer" of life-forms, a puzzle that Darwin's theory of natural selection essentially resolved. Evolutionary and contractualist theory originally intersected at the work of philosophers John Rawls and David Gauthier, who argued that moral judgments are based on a sense of fairness that has been naturally selected. In this book, Nicolas Baumard further explores the theory that morality was originally an adaptation to the biological market of cooperation, an arena in which individuals competed to be selected for cooperative interactions. In this environment, Baumard suggests, the best strategy was to treat others with impartiality and to share the costs and benefits of cooperation in a fair way, so that those who offered less than others were left out of cooperation while those who offered more were exploited by their partners. It is with this evolutionary approach that Baumard ultimately accounts for the specific structure of human morality.
Humans are a puzzling species. On the one hand, we struggle to survive on our own in the wild, often failing to overcome even basic challenges, like obtaining food, building shelters, or avoiding predators. On the other hand, human groups have produced ingenious technologies, sophisticated languages, and complex institutions that have permitted us to successfully expand into a vast range of diverse environments. What has enabled us to dominate the globe, more than any other species, while remaining virtually helpless as lone individuals? This book shows that the secret of our success lies not in our innate intelligence, but in our collective brains--on the ability of human groups to socially interconnect and learn from one another over generations.
Drawing insights from lost European explorers, clever chimpanzees, mobile hunter-gatherers, neuroscientific findings, ancient bones, and the human genome, Joseph Henrich demonstrates how our collective brains have propelled our species' genetic evolution and shaped our biology. Our early capacities for learning from others produced many cultural innovations, such as fire, cooking, water containers, plant knowledge, and projectile weapons, which in turn drove the expansion of our brains and altered our physiology, anatomy, and psychology in crucial ways. Later on, some collective brains generated and recombined powerful concepts, such as the lever, wheel, screw, and writing, while also creating the institutions that continue to alter our motivations and perceptions. Henrich shows how our genetics and biology are inextricably interwoven with cultural evolution, and how culture-gene interactions launched our species on an extraordinary evolutionary trajectory.
Tracking clues from our ancient past to the present, The Secret of Our Success explores how the evolution of both our cultural and social natures produce a collective intelligence that explains both our species' immense success and the origins of human uniqueness.
Автор: Narvaez Darcia Название: Neurobiology and the Development of Human Morality ISBN: 0393706559 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780393706550 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 7207.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book analyses the cultural, neurobiological and psychological aspects of early childhood and their impact on later morality and decision-making.
Автор: Joyce, Richard (victoria University Of Wellington) Название: Evolution of morality ISBN: 0262600722 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780262600729 Издательство: MIT Press Рейтинг: Цена: 4232.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A consideration of whether the human capacity to make moral judgments is innate and, if so, what implications follow; combines philosophical discussion with the latest findings from the empirical sciences.
Автор: Thompson, R. Paul (university Of Toronto) Название: Evolution, morality and the fabric of society ISBN: 1108741703 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781108741705 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 2851.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Derives and justifies moral principles, naturalistically, from evolved human behavioural propensities (reciprocity, cooperation, empathy) and cognitive capacities (rationality, behavioural modification).
Автор: McKenzie Alexander Название: The Structural Evolution of Morality ISBN: 0521152690 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780521152693 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 6653.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Drawing upon aspects of evolutionary game theory, the theory of bounded rationality, and computational models of social networks, this 2007 book shows how moral behaviour can emerge in socially structured environments, and how it can persist even when it is not typically viewed as `rational` from a traditional economic perspective.
Автор: Lewis Petrinovich Название: Human Evolution, Reproduction, and Morality ISBN: 0306449390 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780306449390 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 18167.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Provides insight into the underlying beliefs that scientists have regarding moral and biological issues involved in human life - such as decisions that influence reproductive practices, the termination of life, and the pursuit of biomedical research. This volume uses a descriptive base to develop an ethic based on rational liberalism.
Автор: James E. Fleming, Sanford V. Levinson Название: Evolution and Morality: NOMOS LII ISBN: 081477122X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780814771228 Издательство: Wiley EDC Рейтинг: Цена: 11154.00 р. Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Описание:
Can theories of evolution explain the development of our capacity for moral judgment and the content of morality itself? If bad behavior punished by the criminal law is attributable to physical causes, rather than being intentional or voluntary as traditionally assumed, what are the implications for rethinking the criminal justice system? Is evolutionary theory and “nature talk,” at least as practiced to date, inherently conservative and resistant to progressive and feminist proposals for social changes to counter subordination and secure equality?
In Evolution and Morality, a group of contributors from philosophy, law, political science, history, and genetics address many of the philosophical, legal, and political issues raised by such questions. This insightful interdisciplinary volume examines the possibilities of a naturalistic ethics, the implications of behavioral morality for reform of the criminal law, the prospects for a biopolitical science, and the relationship between nature, culture, and social engineering.
Автор: Lagerspetz, Olli Название: Evolution, Human Behaviour and Morality ISBN: 0367596156 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367596156 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 6430.00 р. Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Автор: Idella J. Gallagher Название: Morality in Evolution ISBN: 9401700346 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401700344 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 12157.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Les Deux Sources de la Morale et de la Religion is not a book to leave one indifferent. It was in his critique of Les Deux Sources that Jacques Maritain was moved to call the philosophy of Henri Bergson one of the most daring and profound of our time.
Название: Evolution, Human Behaviour and Morality ISBN: 1472451740 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781472451743 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 22968.00 р. Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
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