Описание: This Brief discusses the adoption of the mixed member proportional (MMP) electoral system in New Zealand and its subsequent effect on representation for women. Concerns about the homogeneity of the legislature under the Single Member Plurality electoral system and the need for increased representativeness and greater proportionality of party preference lead to the changeover in 1996. The book addresses the question of whether an increase in descriptive representation for women in New Zealand’s House of Representatives has translated to policy outcomes that are beneficial to them. It also examines the extent to which female MPs meet the expectation that they will act for members of their groups; pushing minority and gender-friendly legislation and policies into the political arena. Finally, it raises questions about where women are found in New Zealand’s decision making bodies and what influence they might have on policy outcomes. The first book to examine the effects of the MMP system on female descriptive and substantive representation using a case study analysis, this Brief adds to the literature on electoral systems and women’s political representation. This book will be of use to political science students at both the undergraduate and graduate level, particularly those interested in electoral studies, political institutions, politics and gender, and minority representation.
Описание: Part III comprises the more detailed arguments about Carroll`s reasoning, and Part IV contains reprints of rare original material on proportional representation by Carroll, James Garth Marshall, and Walter Baily.
Описание: Lundberg critically examines the claim that party list-elected members of Britain`s devolved assemblies, in Wales and Scotland, are somehow `second-class` representatives. Although list-elected representatives in Britain have a different constituency role, these representatives add an important element of pluralism to Britain`s politics.
Автор: Friedrich Pukelsheim Название: Proportional Representation ISBN: 3319647067 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319647067 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 9083.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The book offers an in-depth study of the translation of vote counts into seat numbers in proportional representation systems - an approach guided by practical needs.
Автор: John O`Quigley Название: Proportional Hazards Regression ISBN: 1441920455 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781441920454 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 18167.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book focuses on the theory and applications of a very broad class of models which underlie modern survival analysis. However, this text differs from most recent works in that it is mostly concerned with methodological issues rather than the analysis itself.
Автор: Owen Bernard Название: Proportional Western Europe ISBN: 1137353872 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781137353870 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 12577.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This is a history of political parties in ten nations (with the sections on France and Germany limited to specific period), and a critique of the existing literature that emphasizes the importance of electoral rules as determinative of political party systems.
Автор: Wieslaw Kubiak Название: Proportional Optimization and Fairness ISBN: 144194687X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781441946874 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 18167.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Here is a much-needed attempt to reconcile optimization with apportionment in just-in-time (JIT) sequences. It argues that apportionment theory and optimization based on deviation functions provide benchmarks for a process, and examines recent developments.
Автор: B. Owen; M. Rodriguez-McKey Название: Proportional Western Europe ISBN: 1349469823 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781349469826 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6986.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This is a history of political parties in ten nations (with the sections on France and Germany limited to specific period), and a critique of the existing literature that emphasizes the importance of electoral rules as determinative of political party systems.
Описание: This book gives an overview on the fatigue of materials under non-proportional loads. It presents the rich spectrum of phenomena and treats various computational models to mathematically describe the non-proportional fatigue of materials.
The ability to learn concepts lies at the very core of human cognition, enabling us to efficiently classify, organize, identify, and store complex information. In view of the basic role that concepts play in our everyday physical and mental lives, the fields of cognitive science and psychology face three long standing challenges: discovering the laws that govern concept learning and categorization behavior in organisms, showing how they inform other areas of cognitive research, and describing them with the mathematical systematicity and precision found in the physical sciences. In light of these theoretical and methodological shortcomings, this volume will introduce a set of general mathematical principles for predicting and explaining conceptual behavior.
The author's theory is based on seven fundamental constructs of universal science: invariance, complexity, information, similarity, dissimilarity, pattern, and representation. These constructs are joined by a novel mathematical framework that does not depend on probability theory, and derives key results from conceptual behavior research with other key areas of cognitive research such as pattern perception, similarity assessment, and contextual choice. The result is a unique and systematic unifying foundation for cognitive science in the tradition of classical physics.
Автор: Luc Florack; Remco Duits; Geurt Jongbloed; Marie-C Название: Mathematical Methods for Signal and Image Analysis and Representation ISBN: 1447158903 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781447158905 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 15372.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book presents a mathematical methodology for image analysis tasks at the edge of current research, including anisotropic diffusion filtering of tensor fields. Instead of specific applications, it explores methodological structures on which they are built.
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