In Tracing Autism, Des Fitzgerald offers an up-close account of the search for a neurological explanation of autism. As autism has gained cultural prominence with more diagnoses and more controversy, its biological causes remain elusive.
Through in-depth interviews with neuroscientists, psychologists, and psychiatrists, Fitzgerald examines what it means to do scientific research in the ambiguous terrain of autism research, a field marked by shifting horizons of uncertainty and ambivalence. He draws out how autism scientists talk and feel their way through their research, demonstrating its profoundly affective character, and expanding our understanding of what is at stake in the new brain sciences.
Автор: Louise Cummings Название: Rethinking the BSE Crisis ISBN: 9401784914 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789401784917 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 23757.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: In 1986, the emergence of a novel brain disease in British cattle presented a unique challenge to scientists. How that challenge was addressed has been the subject of a public inquiry and numerous academic studies conducted to date. However, none of these investigations has sought to examine the reasoning of scientists during this critical period in the public health of the UK. Using concepts and techniques in informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory, this study reconstructs and evaluates the reasoning of scientists in the ten-year period between 1986 and 1996. Specifically, a form of presumptive reasoning is described in which extensive use is made of arguments traditionally identified as informal fallacies. In the context of the adverse epistemic conditions that confronted scientists during the BSE epidemic, these arguments were anything but fallacious, serving instead to confer a number of epistemic gains upon scientific inquiry. This book argues for a closer integration of philosophy with public health science, an integration that is exemplified by the case of scientific reasoning during the BSE affair. It will therefore be of interest to advanced students, academics, researchers and professionals in the areas of public health science and epidemiology, as well as philosophical disciplines such as informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory and epistemology.
Описание: Reasoning under uncertainty is always based on a specified language or for- malism, including its particular syntax and semantics, but also on its associated inference mechanism. This is even to some degree reflected in the two first chapters, which treat fundamental, general methods of computation in systems designed to represent uncertainty.
Автор: John-Jules Ch. Meyer; Jan Treur Название: Dynamics and Management of Reasoning Processes ISBN: 9048159032 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048159031 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 13969.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This volume, the 6th volume in the DRUMS Handbook series, is part of the after- math of the successful ESPRIT project DRUMS (Defeasible Reasoning and Un- certainty Management Systems) which took place in two stages from 1989-1996. In the second stage (1993-1996) a work package was introduced devoted to the topics Reasoning and Dynamics, covering both the topics of 'Dynamics of Rea- soning', where reasoning is viewed as a process, and 'Reasoning about Dynamics', which must be understood as pertaining to how both designers of and agents within dynamic systems may reason about these systems. The present volume presents work done in this context. This work has an emphasis on modelling and formal techniques in the investigation of the topic "Reasoning and Dynamics," but it is not mere theory that occupied us. Rather research was aimed at bridging the gap between theory and practice. Therefore also real-life applications of the modelling techniques were considered, and we hope this also shows in this volume, which is focused on the dynamics of reasoning processes. In order to give the book a broader perspective, we have invited a number of well-known researchers outside the project but working on similar topics to contribute as well. We have very pleasant recollections of the project, with its lively workshops and other meetings, with the many sites and researchers involved, both within and outside our own work package.
Автор: Insperger Tamбs, Milton John Название: Delay and Uncertainty in Human Balancing Tasks ISBN: 3030845818 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783030845810 Издательство: Springer Цена: 10480.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Motivated by the question of how the nervous system deals with these feedback control challenges, there is a discussion of ``microchaotic`` fluctuations in balance control and how robust control can be achieved in the face of uncertainties in the estimation of control parameters.
Автор: Liesbet Geris; David Gomez-Cabrero Название: Uncertainty in Biology ISBN: 3319212958 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319212951 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 19564.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Computational modeling allows to reduce, refine and replace animal experimentation as well as to translate findings obtained in these experiments to the human background. However these biomedical problems are inherently complex with a myriad of influencing factors, which strongly complicates the model building and validation process. This book wants to address four main issues related to the building and validation of computational models of biomedical processes: 1. Modeling establishment under uncertainty 2. Model selection and parameter fitting 3. Sensitivity analysis and model adaptation 4. Model predictions under uncertainty In each of the abovementioned areas, the book discusses a number of key-techniques by means of a general theoretical description followed by one or more practical examples. This book is intended for graduate students and researchers active in the field of computational modeling of biomedical processes who seek to acquaint themselves with the different ways in which to study the parameter space of their model as well as its overall behavior.
Автор: Dov M. Gabbay; Philippe Smets Название: Quantified Representation of Uncertainty and Imprecision ISBN: 0792351002 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792351009 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 41647.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This Handbook was produced in the style of previous handbook series like the Handbook of Philosoph- ical Logic, the Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, the Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, and can be seen as a companion to them in covering the wide applications of logic and reasoning.
Автор: Dov M. Gabbay; Philippe Smets Название: Reasoning with Actual and Potential Contradictions ISBN: 9048150639 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048150632 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 28929.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This Handbook was produced in the style of previous handbook series like the Handbook of Philosophical Logic, the Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, the Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, and can be seen as a companion to them in covering the wide applications of logic and reasoning.
Автор: John-Jules Ch. Meyer; Jan Treur Название: Agent-Based Defeasible Control in Dynamic Environments ISBN: 9048161096 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048161096 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 35218.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This volume, the 7th volume in the DRUMS Handbook series, is part of the aftermath of the successful ESPRIT project DRUMS (Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems) which took place in two stages from 1989- 1996. In the second stage (1993-1996) a work package was introduced devoted to the topics Reasoning and Dynamics, covering both the topics of "Dynamics of Reasoning," where reasoning is viewed as a process, and "Reasoning about Dynamics," which must be understood as pertaining to how both designers of and agents within dynamic systems may reason about these systems. The present volume presents work done in this context extended with some work done by outstanding researchers outside the project on related issues. While the previous volume in this series had its focus on the dynamics of reasoning pro- cesses, the present volume is more focused on "reasoning about dynamics', viz. how (human and artificial) agents reason about (systems in) dynamic environments in order to control them. In particular we consider modelling frameworks and generic agent models for modelling these dynamic systems and formal approaches to these systems such as logics for agents and formal means to reason about agent- based and compositional systems, and action & change more in general. We take this opportunity to mention that we have very pleasant recollections of the project, with its lively workshops and other meetings, with the many sites and researchers involved, both within and outside our own work package.
Название: Logic and Uncertainty in the Human Mind ISBN: 1138084255 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138084254 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 7195.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: David Earl Over is a leading cognitive scientist. With his firm grounding in philosophical logic, he is responsible for a large body of empirical work and for advancing a major shift in thinking about reasoning, commonly known as the `new paradigm` in the psychology of human reasoning.
Описание: This is the first comprehensive treatment of subjective logic and all its operations. The author developed the approach, and in this book he first explains subjective opinions, opinion representation, and decision-making under vagueness and uncertainty, and he then offers a full definition of subjective logic, harmonising the key notations and formalisms, concluding with chapters on trust networks and subjective Bayesian networks, which when combined form general subjective networks. The author shows how real-world situations can be realistically modelled with regard to how situations are perceived, with conclusions that more correctly reflect the ignorance and uncertainties that result from partially uncertain input arguments.
The book will help researchers and practitioners to advance, improve and apply subjective logic to build powerful artificial reasoning models and tools for solving real-world problems. A good grounding in discrete mathematics is a prerequisite.
Автор: Mihir Kumar Chakraborty; Soma Dutta Название: Theory of Graded Consequence ISBN: 9811388946 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811388941 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6986.00 р. Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Описание: This book introduces the theory of graded consequence (GCT) and its mathematical formulation. It also compares the notion of graded consequence with other notions of consequence in fuzzy logics, and discusses possible applications of the theory in approximate reasoning and decision-support systems. One of the main points where this book emphasizes on is that GCT maintains the distinction between the three different levels of languages of a logic, namely object language, metalanguage and metametalanguage, and thus avoids the problem of violation of the principle of use and mention; it also shows, gathering evidences from existing fuzzy logics, that the problem of category mistake may arise as a result of not maintaining distinction between levels.
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