Complexity, Emergence, and Causality in Applied Linguistics, Bouchard Jйrйmie
Автор: Richards Jack C. Название: Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching ISBN: 1107675960 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107675964 Издательство: Cambridge University Press Рейтинг: Цена: 8853.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: An extensively revised and updated edition of this popular and accessible text.
Автор: Pearl, Judea Название: Causality ISBN: 052189560X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780521895606 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 9029.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Written by one of the preeminent researchers in the field, this book provides a comprehensive exposition of modern analysis of causation. It shows how causality has grown from a nebulous concept into a mathematical theory with significant applications in the fields of statistics, artificial intelligence, philosophy, and cognitive science.
Автор: Gillies Donald Название: Causality, Probability, and Medicine ISBN: 1138829307 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138829305 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 6123.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Why is understanding causation so important in philosophy and the sciences? Should causation be defined in terms of probability? Whilst causation plays a major role in theories and concepts of medicine, little attempt has been made to connect causation and probability with medicine itself.
Causality, Probability, and Medicine is one of the first books to apply philosophical reasoning about causality to important topics and debates in medicine. Donald Gillies provides a thorough introduction to and assessment of competing theories of causality in philosophy, including action-related theories, causality and mechanisms, and causality and probability. Throughout the book he applies them to important discoveries and theories within medicine, such as germ theory; tuberculosis and cholera; smoking and heart disease; the first ever randomized controlled trial designed to test the treatment of tuberculosis; the growing area of philosophy of evidence-based medicine; and philosophy of epidemiology.
This book will be of great interest to students and researchers in philosophy of science and philosophy of medicine, as well as those working in medicine, nursing and related health disciplines where a working knowledge of causality and probability is required.
Описание: This book presents both general issues in pragmatic theories and specific arguments for an inferential approach to pragmatics. At the present time, pragmatics is generally approached from the neo- and post-Gricean perspectives. These perspectives, which stem from philosophical theories of meaning, can be viewed as paradigms, that is, sets of concepts, procedures and results which structure scientific investigations. The main purpose of the book is to defend a new post-Gricean approach to the substantial lexicon and to the functional lexicon (tenses, connectives), and more specifically to explore lexical and non-lexical pragmatics. A precise approach to lexical and non-lexical pragmatic contents will be developed, with special emphasis on non-lexical temporal and causal information. A model for inferring temporal relations in discourse (the directional inferences model based on French data) is developed. This approach to temporal representations and inferences will be completed by a discussion on how causal inferences are triggered in discourse interpretation. The role of conceptual causal relations, as well as causal procedural information encoded in discourse connectives (mainly parce que ‘because’, donc ‘therefore’, et ‘and’), is empirically and theoretically supported. Pragmatic theory can be described as a very powerful interface system which gives access to lexical and functional information, and which contains rich pragmatic enrichment processes, for non-lexical information (quantifier, tenses, connectives) as well as for lexical information (event predicates). The book’s originality stems from its demonstration that pragmatic enrichment is structurally constrained, and occurs at the level of explicature.
Автор: A. Carsetti Название: Causality, Meaningful Complexity and Embodied Cognition ISBN: 9400731701 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400731707 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 43184.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: With respect to the possible outlining of new models of the process of knowledge construction, we are really faced, at the moment, with the appearance of a new frontier. This title aims to recognize some of the peculiar knots of this particular conceptual revolution.
Автор: A. Carsetti Название: Causality, Meaningful Complexity and Embodied Cognition ISBN: 9048135281 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048135288 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 43184.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Arturo Carsetti According to molecular Biology, true invariance (life) can exist only within the framework of ongoing autonomous morphogenesis and vice versa. With respect to this secret dialectics, life and cognition appear as indissolubly interlinked. In this sense, for instance, the inner articulation of conceptual spaces appears to be linked to an inner functional development based on a continuous activity of selection and anchorage realised on semantic grounds. It is the work of invention and g- eration (in invariance), linked with the rooting of meaning, which determines the evolution, the leaps and punctuated equilibria, the conditions related to the unfo- ing of new modalities of invariance, an invariance which is never simple repetition and which springs on each occasion through deep-level processes of renewal and recovery. The selection perpetrated by meaning reveals its autonomy aboveall in its underpinning, in an objective way, the ongoing choice of these new modalities. As such it is not, then, concerned only with the game of possibles, offering itself as a simple channel for pure chance, but with providing a channel for the articulation of the le in the humus of a semantic (and embodied) net in order to prepare the necessary conditionsfor a continuousrenewal and recoveryof original creativity. In effect, it is this autonomy in inventing new possible modules of incompressibility whichdeterminestheactualemergenceofnew(andtrue)creativity, whichalsotakes place through the narration of the effected construction."
Автор: Samantha Kleinberg Название: Time and Causality Across the Sciences ISBN: 1108476678 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781108476676 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 9186.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book provides an entry point for researchers in any field, bringing together perspectives collected from a large body of work on causality across disciplines. Topics include whether quantum mechanics allows causes to precede their effects, the integration of mechanisms, and insight into the role played by intervention and timing information.
Автор: Donald Gillies Название: Causality, Probability, and Medicine ISBN: 1138829285 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138829282 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 22202.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Why is understanding causation so important in philosophy and the sciences? Should causation be defined in terms of probability? Whilst causation plays a major role in theories and concepts of medicine, little attempt has been made to connect causation and probability with medicine itself.
Causality, Probability, and Medicine is one of the first books to apply philosophical reasoning about causality to important topics and debates in medicine. Donald Gillies provides a thorough introduction to and assessment of competing theories of causality in philosophy, including action-related theories, causality and mechanisms, and causality and probability. Throughout the book he applies them to important discoveries and theories within medicine, such as germ theory; tuberculosis and cholera; smoking and heart disease; the first ever randomized controlled trial designed to test the treatment of tuberculosis; the growing area of philosophy of evidence-based medicine; and philosophy of epidemiology.
This book will be of great interest to students and researchers in philosophy of science and philosophy of medicine, as well as those working in medicine, nursing and related health disciplines where a working knowledge of causality and probability is required.
Автор: Rani Lill Anjum, Anjum Samantha Copeland, Copeland Elena Rocca, Rocca Название: Rethinking causality, complexity and evidence for the unique patient ISBN: 1013277716 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781013277719 Издательство: Неизвестно Рейтинг: Цена: 6890.00 р. Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Описание: This open access book is a unique resource for health professionals who are interested in understanding the philosophical foundations of their daily practice. It provides tools for untangling the motivations and rationality behind the way medicine and healthcare is studied, evaluated and practiced. In particular, it illustrates the impact that thinking about causation, complexity and evidence has on the clinical encounter. The book shows how medicine is grounded in philosophical assumptions that could at least be challenged. By engaging with ideas that have shaped the medical profession, clinicians are empowered to actively take part in setting the premises for their own practice and knowledge development. Written in an engaging and accessible style, with contributions from experienced clinicians, this book presents a new philosophical framework that takes causal complexity, individual variation and medical uniqueness as default expectations for health and illness. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Описание: Scattering of light by light is a fundamental process arising at the quantum level through vacuum fluctuations. This short book will explain how, remarkably enough, this quantum process can entirely be described in terms classical quantities. This description is derived from general principles, such as causality, unitarity, Lorentz, and gauge symmetries. The reader will be introduced into a rigorous formulation of these fundamental concepts, as well as their physical interpretation and applications.
Автор: Miroslaw Szatkowski, Marek Rosiak Название: Substantiality and Causality ISBN: 1614518769 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781614518761 Издательство: Walter de Gruyter Цена: 16355.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book addresses contemporary problems on substantiality and causality. After presenting rival approaches to substantiality and causality—a traditional, ontological view vs. a transcendental one—it presents studies of substance as showing causal aspects and of causality, showing its reference to the category of substance. The last section contains studies of extension as a conceptual background of both substantiality and causality.
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